Exam 4. Flashcards
(30 cards)
Callie, a female college student, believes that all male professors think alike, act alike, and look alike. Callie is demonstrating the ________ effect.
outgroup homogeneity
Jack is in a small class that is otherwise made up of only women. When he first walked into class, Jack experienced negative feelings toward his classmates because they are women, despite having never interacted with them. This negative attitude toward the women in his class is an example of:
Prejudice
Jenny asks herself, “Did my officemate get the promotion instead of me because I am overweight or because I am really less qualified?” This sort of thought illustrates the ________ that members of stigmatized groups are likely to experience in everyday life.
attributional ambiguity
Data showing that across occupations, women tend to get paid less than men may provide evidence for _________.
institutional discrimination
When Jada interacts with White individuals, she suspects that their perceptions of her are based solely on her being African American. Jada is probably high in _______.
stigma consciousness
Jack recently lost his job and he is growing increasingly hostile towards immigrants moving to the United States to look for work because he thinks they are taking jobs from him. Jack’s feelings are best explained by:
realistic group conflict theory.
A workplace holds a team bonding exercise in which employees are divided into two teams based on the color of lanyards given to them—red lanyards and blue lanyards. Despite the arbitrary nature of this division, employees start displaying favoritism toward their respective teams and minor hostility to the other team. This phenomenon is best explained by:
The minimal group paradigm
Mr. Smith, a high school speech teacher, communicates to his class that he thinks boys tend to be more articulate and thus make better speeches than girls do. As a result, some of the girls in his class become apprehensive in preparing and giving speeches in Mr. Smith’s class. This provides an example of:
stereotype threat
Sherif’s studies of the role of superordinate goals in reducing conflict between two groups (Eagles and Rattlers) at summer camp should lead one to suggest which of the following to a couple having marital difficulties?
work together on a project to improve their home
When we help others in order to receive positive attention or gratitude, we are motivated by ________; when we help others because we hope for help in return, we are motivated by ________.
social motives; reciprocity
The ORIGINAL frustration-aggression theory proposed by Dollard et al. (1939) stated that frustration occurs when:
people are prevented from reaching their goals.
Although Ralph was quite fond of his wife, he killed her to collect on a large life insurance policy. This scenario is characteristic of:
instrumental aggression.
Jeff was standing in line at a movie theater when someone cut in front of him. Research indicates that Jeff is more likely to show signs of aggression toward “the cutter” if he:
is close to the ticket counter as opposed to far away from the counter.
Researchers have concluded that media violence affects behavior for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
Viewing violence produces a catharsis or release of aggressive energy.
Darley and Latane describe a sequence of decisions a person must make before intervening in an emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?
assess the victim’s level of need.
Two researchers, Crocker and Major, were interested in understanding why people with stigmatized identities have similar levels of self-esteem to people without such identities. Which of the following is NOT one of the processes they proposed to explain that phenomenon?
Receiving advantages due to others’ pity
One day you are out biking on a relatively deserted trail. You see a fellow cyclist on the side of the trail with the bike’s wheels in the air. In which scenario would you be most likely to help?
When you know a great deal about bikes and work at a bicycle repair shop
After watching wrestling on TV for an hour, 5-year-old Samuel went outside to play. When 5-year-old Jamie, who lives next door, came outside, Samuel shoved him and tried to get him in a headlock. This situation can best be explained by:
social learning theory.
Year after year, Carla has tried to do well in her math classes. She studies hard, but she repeatedly faces obstacles to success, leading her to feel frustrated. Finally, she gives up and stops trying to succeed. What has Carla experienced?
learned helplessness
Bryan is driving on the highway when he’s distracted by a billboard for a local gun store with a picture of a handgun on it. At that moment, a car cuts him off and causes them to have an accident. According to Berkowitz’s revised frustration-aggression model, which of the following is most likely to be true?
Bryan is more likely to behave aggressively toward the other driver because of the billboard.
Which of the following is an example of desensitization?
Playing violent video games and then not being as shocked by actual violence
The Stone et al. (1997) research study about a basketball player demonstrated that people use stereotypes of African Americans that:
favor athletic skills over intelligence.
Which of the following is most accurate with regard to hostile and benevolent sexism?
Both hostile and benevolent sexism are limiting to women because they justify relegating women to traditional roles.
Damion is on his way to work during a particularly cold day. He notices another man sitting on the street with only a t-shirt on, shivering and clearly without any other additional clothing to wear. Despite being in a hurry to get to work, and without an additional coat for himself, Damion takes off his warm coat and gives it to the cold man. This act of selfless kindness is an example of:
Altruism
