Exam 4

Question 1

Skinner

Answer 1

Claims that the stimulus is irrelevant and the whole story is the response to the consequences

Question 2

Operational Conditioning

Answer 2

When the reinforcer follows a response regardless of the conditions that have led to it

Question 3

Reinforcer

Answer 3

only the stimulus can increase the probability of a response

Question 4

Positive and Negative reinforcer

Answer 4

• Something is added to the situation
• Something is removed from the situation to increase the probability of the behaviour

Question 5

Punishment

Answer 5

Suppresses behaviour

Question 6

Positive and Negative Punishment

Answer 6

• Something is added to surpress behaviour
• Something is removed

Question 7

Primary Reinforcer

Answer 7

Reinforcing without learning
- food
- water
- sex

Question 8

Ngative Primary Reinforcers

Answer 8

• extreme noise
• extreme temperature
• extreme light

Question 9

Secondary Reinforcer

Answer 9

Anything else that helps your or you enjoy

Question 10

Generalized Secondary Reinforcer

Answer 10

secondary reinforcer that has the strength of a primary reinforcer
- attention
- praise
- money

Question 11

Shaping

Answer 11

Withholding the reinforcer until you get what you want

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

Withholding the reinforcer to end behaviour pattern
- increase frequency (does the behaviour more often)
- increase amplitude (gets more aggressive)

Question 13

Discrimintive Stmuili

Answer 13

Where the reinforcer will be

Question 14

Reinforcement Schedules

Answer 14

the way you represent the reinforcer influences the affect it has

Question 15

Continuous

Answer 15

every-time the behaviour happens you reinforce it

Question 16

Fixed Ratio

Answer 16

How many times we need to see the behaviour before you receive it reinforcer

Question 17

Fixed Interval

Answer 17

Waiting a certain amount of time before reinforcer is provided

Question 18

Variable Ratio

Answer 18

average amount of time you want to see the reinforcer (knows the behaviour is coming but don’t know when) difficult to bring to extinction

Question 19

Variable Interval

Answer 19

the amount of time the organism performs a task the longer they wait for reinforcer (pay roll)

Question 20

Punishment elements

Answer 20

• it is temporary
• it doesn’t change behaviour
• it doesn’t generalize
• attaches to the circumstance
• destroys relationships
• learned helplessness: the organism takes the punishment

Question 21

Organized Religion

Answer 21

promises will suppress behaviour that you can’t default on and inact

Question 22

Bandora: Observational Learning

Answer 22

the learner sees someone doing the behaviour and can perform it with out having not done it before

Question 23

Process of Observational Learning

Answer 23

Attention process: the learner must pay attention if not they can’t learn
Retention Process: remember what you saw
Motor Reproductive Process: have to be physically able to do what you saw & remember
Motivational Process: you have to have motivation

Question 24

Reinforcement

Answer 24

learning can occur in reinforcement, created the motivation (Bandora)

Question 25

Direct Reinforcement

Answer 25

do something to get the reinforcer

Question 26

Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 26

the leaner sees someone else get the reinforcer out assume it was there and want it for themselves

Question 27

Similarity + Learner

Answer 27

the more similar the more imitation you have

Question 28

Inhibitory & Disinhibitory effect

Answer 28

stopping and starting of a behaviour based on the effects of the model

Question 29

Eliciting Effect

Answer 29

engage in behaviour that is similar to what the model is doing but different

Question 30

Piaget

Answer 30

focuses on developmental learning

Question 31

Schema

Answer 31

not physical things but they are thoughts that are organized and organized thoughts into categories

Question 32

Assimilation

Answer 32

process everything you do through what you know already

Question 33

Accommodation

Answer 33

when something new is presented it occurs - your existing schema is altered - a new schema is created