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bio 101 inquiry to life > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

bio (72 cards)

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1
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

large tubes that carry lymph through the body to lymph nodes and back to veins

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2
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

the smallest lymphatic vessels, like tiny tubes, that collect excess fluid from body tissues and transport it back to the bloodstream

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3
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid inside of lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

Thoracic duct

A

transport lymph fluid, containing digested fats and immune cells, back into the bloodstream

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5
Q

Lymphocytes

A

White blood cells involved in adaptive immunity

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6
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Returns lymph from the right arm and the right side of the neck into the right subclavian vein

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7
Q

Lymphoid organ

A

Contains many lymphocytes

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8
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus and bone marrow

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9
Q

thymus

A

The soft, bilobed organ is located between the sternum.
Produces T cells

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10
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes and spleen

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10
Q

Bone marrow

A

spongy tissue within bones is where all blood cells, Specifically, B cells

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11
Q

Spleen

A

Located in the upper left side of a abdominal cavity
Contains a red pulp to remove defective blood cells

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11
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Small structures located along the lymphatic vessels, so which lymphs must pass

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12
Q

inguinal lymph nodes

A

Are in the groin

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13
Q

Auxiliary lymph nodes

A

Are in the armpit

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14
Q

Edema

A

Swelling caused by the buildup of fluid in the bodys tissue

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15
Q

Antibody

A

Protein produced in response to the presence of an antigen; antibody combined with a specific antigen

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16
Q

Vaccine

A

A biological preparation formulated to provide acquired immunity for a particular disease, contains an antigen

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17
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease-causing agent, such as viruses, parasitic, bacteria, fungus, and animals

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18
Q

Innate immunity

A

Is fully functional without previous exposure to the threatening substance

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19
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Act against antigens

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20
Q

Inflammatory response

A

The redness, heat, swelling, in pain that occur due to capillary changes in response to chemical release by tissue swelling

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21
Q

Histamine

A

is a chemical messenger released by the body during allergic reactions and other immune responses

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22
Q

Antihistamine

A

Medicine often used to relieve symptoms of allergies by blocking effects of histamine

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23
Cytotoxic t cell
Lymphocytes attack and kill antigens. -bearing cell
24
Memory B cell
B cells produce antibodies, which bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells
25
Memory T cell
T cells kill infected host cells or help B cells produce more antibodies
26
glomerular (bowman's) capsule
Cup-like structure around the glomerulus double-walled structure that surrounds the glomerulus in the kidneys
26
Plasma cell
Mature cell that mass produce antibodies
27
glomerulus
Capillary network within the glomerular capsule of a nephron. knot of capillaries
28
Anatomy of kidney
Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pelvis bladder
29
Renal cortex
Outer granulated layer that dips down in between a radially striated inner layer, called the renal medulla
30
Renal medulla
Contains cone shaped tissue masses, called renal pyramids
31
Renal pelvis
Central cavity contains with ureter
32
bladder
Stores urine until expelled from the body
33
Dialysis
The separation of particles in a liquid on the basis of differences in their ability to pass through a membrane.
34
juxtaglomerular apparatus
Secretes renin, a substance that is released aldosterone by the adenal cortex
35
Compact bone
It is a highly organized appearance
36
Spongy bone
has an unorganized appearance
37
Osteocytes
(Bone cells) Lie in lacunae
38
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
39
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
40
Osteoblasts
Invade and produce spongy bone and what is called the primary ossification center
41
Osteoclasts
Break down spongy bone and create the medullary cavity
42
Growth plate
Remaining between primary ossification center and each secondary center
43
Axial skeleton
Midline of the body Contains 206 bones
44
appendicular skeleton
Bones of limbs and limb girdles
45
sarcomeres
One of many units arranged the nearly within a myofibril, whose contraction produces muscle contractions.
46
Muscle twitch
No response of a muscle to a single threshold stimulus and lasts only a fraction of a second
47
tetanus
Muscle contractions to a level of maximum sustainability
48
Osteoporosis
Bone loss mass and mineral content 80% of women
48
Macrophage
In Vertebrae, a large phagocytic acidic cell, derived from a monocyte, that ingests microbes and debris
49
Muscle tone
Even when muscles appear to be at rest, some fibers are always contracting
50
rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disease -joints and other tissues are attacked
50
osteoarthritis
Degenerativee joint disease (cartilage deteriorates)
51
Creatine phosphate
High energy compound, they builds up resting muscle
52
Neuromuscular junction
Axon terminal, synaptic cleft and nearby area of sarcoplasm
52
gout
Condition caused by the inability of the urinary system to remove uric acid from the body.
53
cystitis
Infection of the bladder
53
fontanels
Membraneous regions found in the skull of infants, permit skull to move through the birth canal
54
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidneys
55
nitrogenous waste
any waste product that contains nitrogen, typically resulting from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids
56
lactic acid
An organic acid produced by the body when glucose is broken down for energy in the absence of oxygen
57
suppressor T cell
a type of immune cell that helps regulate the immune system.
58
Aids
chronic immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
59
Tubular reabsorption
Selective process that only molecules recognized by carrier proteins that are actively reabsorbed
60
Metastasis
The porting of cancer cells Cancer cells can enter the lymphatic vessels and spread throughout the body
61
Prostate gland
Male reproductive system
62
Skeletal blood supply
A complex network of arteries and veins
63
Normal properties of urine
Light colored, slightly ammonia-smelling
64
abnormal properties of urine
Dark colored, pungent, and cloudy, opaque
65
Functions of lymphatic system
fluid balance, fat absorption, and immune function

bio 101 inquiry to life (5 decks)

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