lab 3 exam

Question 1

Red blood cell

Answer 1

Transports oxygen-containing hemoglobin
(erythrocytes)

Question 2

White blood cells

Answer 2

Defend against infection and disease (leukocytes)

Question 3

Platelets

Answer 3

Help with blood clotting (thrombocytes)

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

Transports nutrients, hormones, and waste

Question 5

Pulse

Answer 5

Number of heartbeats in a minute
Indicates: heart rate and circulatory health

Question 6

stroke volume

Answer 6

Volume of blood pumped from the heart with each beat
Affected by: heart, strength, and venous return

Question 7

2 types of blood pressure

Answer 7

systolic
diastolic

Question 8

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 8

Pressure during heart is beating
measured in mmHg

Question 9

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 9

Pressure during relaxation
Measured in mmHg

Question 10

Ventilation

Answer 10

Involves: inhalation (in) and exhalation (out)
function: an exchange of gases (O₂ in, CO₂ out)

Question 11

Respiratory volumes (3)

Answer 11

Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Residual volume

Question 12

Tidal volume

Answer 12

Air in/out during normal breath

Question 13

vital capacity

Answer 13

It is the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation

Question 14

Residual volume

Answer 14

It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Question 15

Joint types

Answer 15

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint

Question 16

Fibrous joint

Answer 16

Fibrous cartilage holds the bones together

Question 17

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 17

Where a disc of cartilage is formed between the bones, which are held together by ligaments

Question 18

Synovial joints

Answer 18

Bones are held together with cartilage, where the joints are learned up by a synovial membrane

Question 19

Axial skeleton includes

Answer 19

Skull (including the mandible)
hyoid
vertebre
Sternum
Ribs
sacrum
coccyx

Question 20

appendicular skeleton includes

Answer 20

Pectoral girdle

Upper extremity: humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Pelvic girdle: innominate bone or cocklebone formed from the ilium, ischium, and pubis

lower extremity: femur, patella, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 21

Tendon

Answer 21

Connects muscle to bone
Function: movement

Question 22

Ligament

Answer 22

Connect bone to bone
Function: stabilizes joints

Question 23

Isometric movement

Answer 23

Muscle contracts, but doesn’t change length
Example plank hold

Question 24

Isotonic movement

Answer 24

Muscle changes length
Example bicep curl

Question 25

antagonistic pairs muscle

Answer 25

Muscle pairs that work opposite each other Example: biceps (flex)/triceps (extend)

Question 26

Nearsightedness division (myopia)

Answer 26

Can see: near objects Cause: image focuses in front of retina

Question 27

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Answer 27

can see: distant objects Cause: image focuses behind retina

Question 28

Blind spot

Answer 28

Where: optic nerve exits the retina No photoreceptors so no image

Question 29

Accommodation

Answer 29

Eye lens changes shape to focus on objects at different distances Controlled by: ciliary muscles

Question 30

After image

Answer 30

Occurs when staring at a stimulus causes temporary, but no fatigue, leading to an image appearing after the original is gone

Question 31

Hearing vibration

Answer 31

Sound waves cause structures in the ear (like eardrum and cochlea) to vibrate

Question 32

Amplitude

Answer 32

Volume or loudness

Question 33

Frequency

Answer 33

Pitch (high or low the sound is)

Question 34

Equilibrium nerves

Answer 34

Maintained by: inner ear Controls: balance and spatial orientation

Question 35

types of Nerves

Answer 35

Afferent Efferent

Question 36

Afferent nerves

Answer 36

Carries info to brain/spinal cord

Question 37

efferent nerves

Answer 37

Carries commands to muscles/glands

Question 38

Neuron

Answer 38

Parts: dendrites (receive), cell body, axon (send) Function: transmit electrical impulses

Question 39

Spinal cord reflexes

Answer 39

Automatic, rapid responses that bypass the brain Example: knee-jerk reflex