Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Christian Heritage > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What were major 19th-century social, political, and scientific developments?

A

Capitalism/socialism, Industrial Revolution & slavery, and Darwinism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What influenced Evangelicalism in Britain and America?

A

Revivalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the core beliefs of Evangelicals regarding individual faith?

A

Salvation through faith and personal conversion; living a holy life through the Holy Spirit via prayer and Bible study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of Evangelical public faith actions?

A

Abolitionist movement, prohibition movement (no alcohol), prison and labor reforms, missionary and Bible society establishments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the goal of Protestant liberalism in the 19th century?

A

To accommodate Christianity to modernity by translating its message in a way modern society could accept.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is considered the father of Protestant liberalism?

A

Friedrich Schleiermacher.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Schleiermacher’s definition of the essence of religion?

A

Not reason or moral law, but a feeling of utter dependence on something infinite—God consciousness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Schleiermacher believe about Christ scripture and theology?

A

§ Christology-Christ is divine in the sense that he experienced this God-consciousness in a complete and powerful way, which he communicated to his disciples and the church.
§ Scripture-record of this religious experience of absolute dependence
§ Theology-talk about God is always talk about human experience of God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Adolf von Harnack emphasize in What is Christianity?

A

The kingdom of God in each believer’s heart, the centrality of love, and the brotherhood of humanity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Harnack reject in his theological approach?

A

Supernatural elements of the Gospels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was Walter Rauschenbusch’s view on theology and salvation?

A

§ Theology not about dogma, but social ethics.

§ Sin in social structures.

§ Salvation in terms of social salvation, the kingdom of God as social reality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Liberal Theology Summarized:

A

§ Immanence of God
§ Moralization of dogma
§ Universal salvation of humanity
§ Liberal theology dealt a blow by twentieth century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did the Catholic Church react to modernity during the First Vatican Council?

A

With a fortress/bunker mentality—rejection of modernity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Ultramontanism?

A

The belief that Rome alone can determine doctrine, morals, and culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the Syllabus of Errors?

A

A list by Pope Pius of 80 rejected propositions like: rationalism, communism, liberalism, freedom of worship, national churches without papal authority, recognition of religious other than Catholicism, democracy marriage as a civil institution, and secular schools provided by the state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What key doctrine was established in the First Vatican Council?

A

The infallibility of the pope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the Five Fundamentals of Fundamentalism?

A
  1. Inerrancy of scripture
  2. Deity of Christ
  3. Virgin birth of Christ
  4. Penal Substitutionary atonement
  5. Literal bodily resurrection and second coming of Christ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Fundamentalism’s response to modernity and liberalism?

A

Rejection of both; anti-modernity and anti-liberalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the attitude or mindset of Fundamentalists?

A

Militant and separatist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where and when did Pentecostalism originate?

A

Azusa Street Revival, Los Angeles, 1906; led by by African-American preacher William Seymour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the primary characteristic of Pentecostalism?

A

Second baptism of the Holy Ghost (Holy Spirit).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are key manifestations of Holy Ghost “anointings” in Pentecostalism?

A

Speaking in tongues, healing,

Others: snake handling, holy dancing, holy howling, holy laughter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What denominations are part of Pentecostal heritage?

Study These Flashcards
A

Assemblies of God and Church of God (Cleveland, TN).

23
Q

What are other characteristics of Pentecostal worship?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dynamic preaching and inter-racial participation.

24
What is the Charismatic Movement?
A movement (1960s–present) spreading Pentecostal-style worship across many Christian denominations.
24
What is Neo Orthodoxy, and who is its main figure?
A Protestant reaction to liberalism and nationalism; led by Karl Barth
25
What is the "other-ness" of God in Neo Orthodoxy?
God must reveal God's self, and in the Bible, God is revealed as Creator, Judge, and Redeemer.
26
What critique does Neo Orthodoxy make about the relationship between culture/nationalism and the church?
It critiques the marriage between culture/nationalism and the church, including the Confessing Church and the Barmen Declaration (1934).
27
Who is associated with the Confessing Church and the Barmen Declaration?
Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
28
What is the Ecumenical movement?
It started as a Protestant movement seeking the unity of all Christians above theology, ritual, and polity.
28
What is affirmed by Rerum Novarum and Quadragesima Anno?
Private property as a human right The just wage, enough to support the wage-earner and their family in reasonable comfort The right for workers to create associations An ordered society based on cooperation for the common good
29
What earlier movements paved the way for the Ecumenical movement?
Revivalism of the 18th and 19th centuries Missionary enterprise of the 19th century Existence and support of Bible societies Student Christian movement
29
When did the Ecumenical movement originate?
It originated with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference in 1910.
30
When was the World Council of Churches established?
1948
31
Rerum Novarum, affirmed by Quadragesima Anno
Two Encyclicals that critiqued capitalism and Marxism and offered alternative practices.
32
What does the Catholic Worker Movement address?
Issues of poverty and social justice. Known for: houses of hospitality, and farming communities providing assistance to those in need.
33
Who founded the Catholic Worker Movement?
Dorothy Day, a journalist, anarchist converted to Catholicism.
34
When was Vatican II held, and who called it?
Vatican II took place from 1962 to 1965 and was called by Pope John XXIII at age 77.
35
What were major decisions of Vatican II?
Ecumenical spirit: recognition of other Christians and religions Mass in the vernacular (language of the people) Increased lay participation Focus on the poor Affirmation of Scripture’s authority
35
How did Vatican II relate to modernity? What is meant by the "World Church"?
It sought engagement with the modern world, promoting understanding and encouragement rather than condemnation. A church that engages globally, responding to the needs and concerns of the modern world.
36
What event spurred Latin American Liberation Theology? What influenced Latin American Liberation Theology?
The Second Conference of Latin American Bishops in 1968. Marxist socio-economic analysis.
37
What are the key beliefs of Latin American Liberation Theology?
God sides with the poor and oppressed Sin is systemic oppression Salvation is liberation from oppression The Church must act for the oppressed (base communities)
38
Black theology background?
○ “Seed-bed” of Black theology in Civil Rights movement (1960s) ○ Martin Luther King, Jr.? ○ James Cone, A Black Theology of Liberation (1970)
39
What are the main ideas in Black Theology?
God is black Sin is racism Salvation is liberation from racism (for all) The Church must align itself with the oppressed (“become black with God”)
40
Who was a forerunner of Feminist Theology?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton during the suffrage movement.
41
What movement contributed to Feminist Theology post-Vatican II?
Catholic female scholars in the 1980s; also Womanist Theology from Black women’s perspective.
41
What are core ideas of Feminist Theology?
God is female or beyond male identity Sin is patriarchy Salvation is liberation from patriarchy Ecclesiology is a “discipleship of equals” or “church in the round”
42
What are the key characteristics that define Liberation Theology?
It is contextual, meaning theology must be reinterpreted in every cultural and social setting. It is "theology from below," grounded in the lived experience of the oppressed. It emphasizes orthopraxis—committed, justice-oriented action over abstract belief.
43
What is the Absolutist/Exclusivist approach?
Other religions are false; Christianity is the only truth (e.g., John 14:6).
43
How does Liberation Theology understand language and its purpose?
It recognizes the power of language to shape both theology and systems of justice. It can be normative (guiding values) or corrective (challenging injustice and reshaping practice).
44
What is the Common Denominator/Universalist approach?
All religions share basic beliefs about God and ethics (e.g., love, justice).
45
What is the Superior/Inclusivist approach?
Other religions have partial truths; Christianity has the full revelation (e.g., Karl Rahner’s “anonymous Christian”).
46
What is the Faithful Witness/Dialogue approach?
Christians witness through actions, not judgment, and engage in respectful interfaith relationships.
47
What characterizes the growing Christianity in the Southern Hemisphere?
It’s the fastest growing area of Christianity Emphasizes charismatic expression Strong focus on spiritualism
48
How did Womanist Theology and Latin American Liberation Theology originate?
Womanist Theology emerged from the experiences and perspectives of Black women, while Latin American Liberation Theology began with Catholic bishops, particularly at the Second Conference of Latin American Bishops in 1968.

Christian Heritage (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions