Exam 4 Flashcards
Muscular power
Rate of performing work
Power = force x velocity
Force = muscle strength
Velocity = distance/time
Muscular endurance
Capacity to perform repeated muscle contracts or to sustain a single contraction over time
Five principles of exercise training
Individuality Specificity Reversibility Progressive overload Variation
Principle of individuality
Each individual is physiologically unique, the acute and chronic responses to exercise will differ among individuals
Principle of specificity
The physiological adaptations to exercise training depend on the specific mode and intensity of training
Principle of reversibility
Training elicits reversible changes in physiological function that allow for improved performance
Principle of progressive overload
In order to induce changes in the physiological function, there must be increased demands on the body
Principle of variation
Continually changing the training intensity volume and/or mode provides a constant training stimulus for adaptation and peak performance
Rate coding
Increased frequency of action potentials propagated along somatic motor neurons
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle size
Transient hypertrophy
Edema formation from plasma fluid but disappears within hours
Chronic hypertrophy
Reflects actual structural change in muscle
Muscle hypertrophy in humans
Muscle fiber hypertrophy
Satellite cells
Myoglobin stem cells involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
Cardio respiratory endurance
Ability to sustain prolonged dynamic whole-body exercise using large muscle groups
VO2max
Highest rate of oxygen consumption attainable during maximal exhaustive exercise
Cardiac hypertrophy
Increase in heart size
Resistance training
Characterized by high after load and concentric hypertrophy adaptations
Aerobic training
Characterized by high venous return, stroke volume, and eccentric hypertrophy resulting in increased contractility, SV, CO
Volume loading effect
Expanded LV internal diameter over time from chronic stretch
Interval training
Repeated bouts of high/moderate intensity interspersed with rest or active recovery intervals
More total exercise completed
High intensity interval training (HIIT)
Time efficient way to increase cardio respiratory fitness
Continuous training
Continuous activity without rest intervals
Interval-circuit training
Combined interval and circuit training for greater cardiovascular overload
