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Medical Math And Intro To Pharm > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The study and science of poisons

A

Toxicology

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2
Q

Any substance when applied or introduced into the body that may interfere with life processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal

A

Toxicant

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3
Q

Important aspects of clinical toxicology: Exposure

A
  • species susceptibility
  • species sensitivity
  • sources of toxicity
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4
Q

Important aspects of clinical toxicology: Toxicokinetics

A
  • mechanism of action
  • metabolism
  • excretion
  • half-life
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5
Q

Important aspects of clinical toxicology: Prognosis

A
  • risk to other animals

- risk to people or public health

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6
Q

Important aspects of clinical toxicology: Diagnosis

A
  • clinical findings
  • laboratory findings
  • specific lesions
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7
Q

Important aspects of clinical toxicology: Treatment

A
  • decontamination
  • specific antidote (if indicated)
  • organs affected
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8
Q

Is toxicology related to Physiology, Biochem, and anatomy?

A

Yes

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9
Q

How is toxicology related to pathology and histology?

A

Will help to understand specific lesions

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10
Q

How are toxicology, clinical medicine, and infectious diseases related?

A

All need understanding to generate differential list

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11
Q

How is toxicology and pharmacology related?

A

Theraputic index, LD50, human medications

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12
Q

True or False. Drugs can be poisons and poisons can be drugs

A

True. The difference is the dose!

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13
Q

Foreign chemicals that the body does NOT produce

A

Xenobiotics

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14
Q

Drugs and poisons are both __________.

A

Xenobiotics

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15
Q

_______, __________, and __________ follow the same principles.

A

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and structure-activity relationship

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16
Q

The toxicologist and the clinician are both interested in _________.

A

Drug toxicity, toxicity due to other chemicals

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17
Q

A poison from a biological process

A

Biotoxin

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18
Q

Zootoxin/animal toxin, phytoxin/ plant toxin, bacterial toxin/mycotoxin are examples of what?

A

Biotoxin

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19
Q

_________ is used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of a poison.

A

Toxic

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20
Q

The disease caused by exposure to a toxin.

21
Q

the amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause a toxicity

22
Q

Effect of a single dose or multiple dose over 24 hrs

A

Acute toxicity

23
Q

Effect produced by daily exposure from 1 to 30 days

A

Subacute toxicity

24
Q

Effect exposed from daily exposure from 30-90 days

A

Subchronic toxicity

25
Effect produced by daily exposure from 3 months or more
Chronic toxicity
26
Several factors that influence the toxicity of any substance:
-species, breed, individual, sex, age, dosage of poison, duration of exposure
27
The ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50
Chronicity factor
28
Rapidly metabolized compounds have ______ chronicity factor
Low
29
Development of tolerance due to _______ metabolism will ______ the chronicity factor
Increase, decrease
30
Compounds with a cumulative effect will have a ______ chronicity factor.
High
31
A chronicity factor ___ than 2 indicates a relatively cumulative toxin.
Greater
32
The highest or largest dose, which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations
Highest non-toxic dose (HNTD)
33
Similar to the highest non-toxic dose
Maximum tolerated dose or Minimal toxic dose (MTD)
34
The lowest dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will not cause death
Toxic low dose
35
The dose which produces alterations and administering twice will result in death
Toxic high dose
36
The amount of a chemical that can be ingested without causing any death, illness or toxic alterations in any animal for the stated period
No effect level
37
Dose that causes death in any animal during a period of observation
Lethal dose
38
Does not give info about severity of clinical signs
All or none response
39
LD0
Highest dose that does not cause death
40
LD50
Median lethal dose, dose that kills 50% of animals in group
41
LD100
Lowest dose that kills all animals in group
42
The danger from possibility of exposure
Hazard
43
true or false. A poison may be highly toxic but not poisonous.
True. Using a lower dose and not used very much
44
How can the risk level be calculated?
The ratio between toxicity and use level.
45
More toxic = ______ dose
Lower | Ex: 20:1
46
Higher risk= ______ risk
Higher Ex: ratio 3:1 (Better odds)
47
1ppm =
1mg/kg =1mg/L
48
Ppm --> %
4 to the left
49
% --> to ppm.
4 to the right

Medical Math And Intro To Pharm (3 decks)

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