Exam 4 - Chapter 15. Larynx and GI Tract Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
3
What is the larynx and where does it extend from?
A
2
Q
3
What does the closing mechanism of the larynx prevent?
A
3
Q
4
Is a laryngeal papilloma benign or malignant?
A
4
Q
4
What are two causes of laryngeal papillomas?
A
5
Q
4
What two age groups are affected by laryngeal papillomas?
A
6
Q
4
Clinical Features of Laryngal Papillomas:
- ______
- _____
- more aggressive in _____
- _____ lesions
A
7
Q
4
What are two symptoms of laryngeal papillomas?
A
8
Q
4
What is the treatment for Laryngeal papillomas?
A
9
Q
4
Is a laryngeal nodule (singer’s nodule) benign or malignant?
A
10
Q
4
What are four causes of laryngeal nodules?
A
11
Q
4
What age group is affected by laryngeal nodules?
A
12
Q
4
Clincial features of laryngeal nodules:
- _____
- ______
A
13
Q
4
What are two symptoms of laryngeal nodules?
A
14
Q
4
What is the treatment for laryngeal nodules?
A
15
Q
4
Are laryngeal carcinomas benign or malignant?
A
16
Q
4
What are two causes of laryngeal carcinomas?
A
17
Q
4
What age group is affecte dby laryngeal carcinomas?
A
18
Q
4
Clinical features of laryngeal carcinomas:
- _____
- ____
- _____
A
19
Q
4
What are three symptoms of laryngeal carcinomas?
A
20
Q
4
What are four possible treatments for laryngeal carcinomas?
A
21
Q
8
What are the 7 components of the GI tract?
A
22
Q
11
What type of lesion is pharyngitis?
A
23
Q
11
What are two general causes of pharyngitis? What percent of the time does each occur?
A
24
Q
11
What are 5 examples of viral infections that could cause pharyngitis?
A
25
11
What are two examples of bacterial infections that could cause pharyngitis?
26
11
What are 5 less common causes of pharyngitis compared to viral and bacterial infections?
27
11
What age groups are affected by pharyngitis?
28
11
Clinical Features of Pharyngitis:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ____
4. ______
5. _______
29
11
Symptoms of viral pharyngitis:
1. ____
2. ______
3. _____
4. ____-
5. _____
30
11
Symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis:
1. _____
2. ____
31
11
What is the treatment for viral pharyngitis?
32
11
What is the treatment for bacterial pharyngitis?
33
13
Esophageal Disorders:
1. ___
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. _____
6. _____
34
14
What are 6 causes of esophageal obstructions?
35
14
What is atresia?
36
14
What is stenosis?
37
14
Waht is a fistula?
38
14
What is Achalasia?
39
14
Esophageal Obstruction Symptoms / Clinical Features:
1. _____
2. _______
3. ______
4. _____
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______
8. _______
40
14
What are three possible treatments for esophageal obstructions?
41
14
What is another name for Esophageal Lacerations?
42
14
What is Mallory-Weis syndrome?
43
14
Causes of Mallory-Weis Syndrome:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ______
4. _____
44
14
Symptoms/Clinical Features of Esophageal Lacerations:
1. ______
2. ______
3. _____
4. _____
45
14
What is the treatment for Esophageal Lacerations?
46
14
What is the Esophageal Varices?
47
14
What is the cause of Esophageal Varices?
48
14
Symptoms and Clinical Features of Esophageal Varices:
1. _____
2. _______: ____ and _____
49
14
What is the treatment for Esophageal Vaarices
50
14
What is the cause of Esophageal Webs?
51
14
Symptoms of Plummer-Vinson Syndrome:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ________
52
19
What group are esophageal webs most common in?
53
19
Esophageal webs are assoviated with an increased risk of developing what?
54
19
Are esophageal webs initially symptomatic or asymptomatic?
55
19
Long term anemia associated with esophageal webs results in:
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. _____
5. ______
56
19
What are three treatments for esophageal webs?
57
19
What is the cause of Esophagitis?
58
19
What is a clinical feature of Esophagitis?
59
19
Heartburn associated with Esophagitis can lead to the development of _______, which is the ________.
60
19
What gender and race are most affected by Esophagitis?
61
19
Patients with Esophagitis are at an increased risk of _______.
62
19
What is the treatment for mild Esophagitis?
63
19
What is the treatment for severe Esophagitis?
64
19
Causes of Esophageal Carcinoma:
1. ______
2. _____
3. ______
4. _______
4. ______
5. _____
6. ______
65
19
Symptoms / Clinical Features of Esophageal Carcinoma:
1. ______
2. _____
3. _____
4. ____ or _______
5. ____
6. _____
66
19
What are three treatments for Esophageal carcinoma?
67
24
Disorders of the Stomach:
1. _____
2. ______
3. _____
4. _____
5. _______
68
25
What are two causes of Hiatal hernias?
69
25
Symptoms of Hiatal Hernias:
1. ____
2. _____
3. ______
70
25
What are two treatments of Hiatal Hernias?
71
25
What are 3 causes of Acute gastritis?
72
25
What causes chronic gastritis?
73
25
Symptoms of Gastritis:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
74
25
What is the treatment for gastritis?
75
25
Causes of Stomach Ulcers:
1. _____
2. ____
3. _____
4.. ______
76
25
Symptoms of Stomach Ulcers:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ____
4. _____
5. _____
77
25
Treatment of Stomach Ulcers:
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. _____
78
25
What are 3 causes of stomach polyps?
79
25
What are the symptoms of stomach polyps?
80
25
How are stomach polyps found?
81
25
Are polyps mainly benign? What is the risk for developing cancer?
82
25
What is the treatment for polyps, especially those that are greater than 5 mm?
83
25
Causes of Stomach Carcinoma:
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
84
25
When do symptoms of stomach carcinoma appear? What are the two symptoms?
85
25
What are three treatments for Stomach Carcinomas?
86
30
What are two syndromes that gastric polyps can be seen in?
87
31
What is the inheritance pattern for Peutz-Jegher Syndrome?
88
31
What is the mutation involved in Peutz-Jegher Syndrome?
89
31
What kind of polyps are seen in PEutz-Jegher Syndrome?
90
31
What does Hamartomatous mean?
91
31
There is a high risk of developing what kind of malignancies in Peutz-Jegher Syndrome? (3 in the intestines, and 6 extra-intestinal).
92
31
What is another name for Cowden Syndrome?
93
31
What is the inheritance pattern for Cowden Synddrome?
94
31
What is the mutation in Cowden Syndrome?
95
31
Mucocutaneous Lesions in Cowden Syndrome:
1. _____
2. _______
3. ______
96
31
What head condition is seen in Cowden Syndrome?
97
31
In Cowden Syndrome, _____ neoplasms of the ____, ____, or _____ develop.
98
32
What are seen in the mouth, lips, genitalia, palms, and soles in Peutz-Jegher Syndrome?
99
35
What are 9 disorders of the small and large intestine?
100
36
What are two types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
101
37
What is the common site of Chron's disease?
102
37
What is the distribution of Chron's disease?
103
37
What is the spread of Crohn's Disease?
104
37
What are 5 gross features of Crohn's disease?
105
37
What is the microscopic presentation of noncaseating granulomas?
106
37
How is the inflammation described in Crohn's disease?
107
37
What are four complications of Crohn's disease?
108
37
What is the cancer risk in Crohn's disease?
109
37
What is the common site of Ulcerative colitis?
110
37
What is the distribution of ulcerative colitis?
111
37
What is the spread of ulcerative colitis?
112
37
What are two gross features of Ulcerative colitis?
113
37
What is the microscopic presentation of Ulcerative colitis?
114
37
How is the inflammation described in Ulcerative Colitis?
115
37
What is a complication of ulcerative colitis?
116
37
What is the cancer risk for ulcerative colitis?
117
38
Are skip areas seen in Crohn's diasese? Ulcerative colitis?
118
38
Is cobblestone mucosa seen in Crohn's disease? Ulcerative colitis?
119
38
Is there transmural involvement in Crohn's Disease? Ulcerative Colitis?
120
38
Is there rectal sparing in Crohn's disease? Ulcerative Colitis?
121
38
Is there perianal involvement in Crohn's disease? Ulcerative colitis?
122
38
Are there fistulas in Crohn's disease? Ulcerative colitis?
123
38
Are there strictures in Crohn's disease? Ulcerative colitis?
124
38
Are there granulomas in Crohn's disease? Ulcerative colitis?
125
41
What percent of patients with Crohn's disease will present with perianal lesions?
126
41
What percent of cases of Crohn's disease also has ganulomas?
127
44
What are the two Developmental Intestinal Anomalies?
128
45
What is the cause of Meckel's Diverticulum?
129
45
Distribution of Meckel Cartilage:
1. _______
2. _______
3. ________
130
45
What are the symptoms of Meckel Diverticulum?
131
45
What is the treatment for Meckel Diverticulum?
132
45
What is the cause of Hirschsprung Disease?
133
45
Distribution of Hirschsprung Disease:
1. _____
2. ______
134
45
What are the symptoms of Hirschsprung Disease?
135
45
What is the treatment for Hirschsprung disease?
136
48
What are two vacsular inflammatory bowel diseases?
137
49
What is the most common vascular disorder of the GI tract?
138
49
Causes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. _______
5. ______
6. _______
7. _______
8. ______
9. _____
10. ______
11. ______
139
49
What age group is Ischemic Bowel Disease most commonly seen in?
140
49
What are the gross features of Ischemic Bowel Disease?
141
49
Symptoms of Ischemic Bowel Disease:
1. _____
2. ______
142
49
What is the treatment for Ischemic Bowel Disease?
143
49
Characteristics of Hemorrhoids:
1. ______
2. _______
144
49
Causes of Hemorrhoids
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. ______
145
49
What age group are Hemorrhoids most commonly seen in?
146
49
What is the gross feature of Hemorrhoids?
147
49
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids:
1. ______
2. ____
3. _______
4. _____
5. ______
148
49
Treatments for Hemorrhoids:
1. ____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. ______
149
53
What are the characteristics of Colonic diverticulitis?
150
53
What is the cause of Colonic Diverticulitis?
151
53
What age group is affected by Colonic Diverticulitis in 50% of cases?
152
53
Most patients with Colonic Diverticulitis are _____ (symptomatic or asymptomatic).
153
53
Symptoms of Colonic Diverticulitis:
1. ______
2. ______
3. _____
4. _____
154
53
Complications of Colonic Diverticulosis:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ______
155
53
Treatment and Prognosis for Colonic Diverticulosis:
1. ____
2. _____
3. _______
156
56
Characteristics of Pseudomembranous Colitis:
1. _______, often caused by ________
2. ________
3. _____, a ____ organism
157
56
Causes of Pseudomembranous Colitis:
1. _____
2. ________
158
56
What age group is most affected by Pseudomembranous Colitis?
159
56
Which age group is rarely affected by Pseudomembranous Colitis? Why might this be?
160
56
Symptoms of Pseudomembranous Colitis:
1. ______
2. _______
3. ___
4. _____
5. ______
6. _____
161
56
Complications of Pseudomembranous Colitis:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ______
162
56
Treatment and Prognosis of Pseudomembranous Colitis:
1. ______
2. _____
3. ______
4. _______
5. _______
163
59
What are two Malabsorption Syndromes?
164
59
What is Celiac Disease?
165
59
What is the cause of Celiac Disease?
166
59
What is the age for Celiac Disease?
167
59
Symptoms of Celiac Disease:
1. ____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____
6. ____
168
59
What is the treatment of Celiac Disease?
169
59
Complications of Celiac Disease:
1. ____
2. _____
3. ____
4. _____
5. _____
6. ______
7. _____
170
59
What is lactose intolerance?
171
59
What is the cause of Lactose intolerance?
172
59
What age group is most affected by lactose intolerance?
173
59
Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance:
1. ____
2. ______
3. _____
4. _____
5. ______
6. ______
174
59
What is the treatment for Lactose Intolerance?
175
59
Complications of Lactose Intolerance:
1. _____
2. ______
3. ______
176
63
What is acute apendicitis?
177
63
What is the cause of acute apendicitis?
178
63
What are four things that can cause the obstruction that leads to acute apendicitis?
179
63
What age can acute apendicitis be seen in?
1. _____
2. ______
3. ______
180
63
Symptoms of Acute Apendicitis:
1. ________
2. _____
3. ______
4. _____
5. ______
6. ______
7. _____
181
63
What is the treatment for Acute Apendicitis?
182
63
Complications of Acute Apendicitis:
_______ - can cause ______ infection of ____ (____)_, ____, _____, _____.
183
66
What are intestinal polyps? What is their diameter?
184
66
Risk Factors for Intestinal Polyps:
1. ____
2. ______
3. _____
4. _____
5. ____
6. ____
7. _____
8. _____
185
66
What age and gender are intestinal polyps most commonly seen in?
186
66
Symptoms of Intestinal Polyps:
1. ______
2. ______
3. _____
4. ____
5. ______
187
66
What is the treatment for Intestinal Polyps?
188
66
Complications of Intestinal Polyps:
1. _____
2. ______
3. ______
189
67
What is characteristic of Gardner's Syndrome?
190
69
What is the inheritance pattern of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis?
191
69
What is the mutation associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis?
192
69
Clinical Features of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
1. __________, sifnificantly elevating __________
2. Individuals with those condition commonly develop ________, heightening their susceptbility to _______, ______, ______, and _____.
193
69
Colonic Features of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis:
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
194
69
Treatment of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis:
1. ______
2. ______
3. _______
195
69
Complications of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis:
1. _______
2. ______
3. ______
4. _____
5. ______
6. _____
7. ______
8. ______
196
72
What is the inheritance pattern of Gardner Syndrome?
197
72
Gardner Syndrome is distinguished by ________ in addition to the _______, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene mutations.
198
72
Clinical FEatures of Gardner Syndrome
1. __________, significantly elevating their ________ if left untreated.
2. Patients commonly develop heightened susceptibility to _______, _______, ______. and _____.
199
72
Colonic features of Gardner Syndrome:
1. ____
2. ______
3. _______
200
72
Extracolonic Features of Gardner Syndrome:
1. _______
2. ____
3. _____
4. ______
5. ______
6. ________
201
72
Treatment of Gardner Syndrome:
1. _____
2. ______
3. _____
202
76
Where do colorectal cancers develop?
203
76
What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths?
204
76
Symptoms of Colorectal Carcinoma:
1. _____
2. ______
3. _____
4. ____
5. ______
205
76
Risk factors:
1. _____
2. _____
3. ______
4. _______
5. ______
206
76
Prevention of Colorectal Cancers:
1. ____
2. _____
3. _____
207
76
Treatment of Colorectal Carcinomas:
1. ____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _______
208
76
Complications of Colorectal Cancer:
1. _____
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
