Exam 4: Chapter 38 Bowel Elimination

Question 1

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Infants: What is easiest for infants intestines?

Answer 1

Breast milk

Question 2

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color for breastfed infants?

Answer 2

Have more frequent stools and are yellow to golden and loose, and usually have little odor

Question 3

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stools for formula fed infants?

Answer 3

Yellow to brown, and are paste like. Have a strong odor because of decomposition of protein

Question 4

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stools of both breastfed and formula fed infants have

Answer 4

curds and mucus

Question 5

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Number of Stools of Breastfed vs Formula Fed Infants

Answer 5

Breastfed: 2-10 a Day
Formula: 1-2 a day

Question 6

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Food and Fluid: How much fiber and fluid should you intake?

Answer 6

25-30 G Fiber

2000-3000 mL of fluid

Question 7

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: What are some high fiber foods?

Answer 7

WHole grains and brain, dried peas and beans, and freesh fruis and vegetables increase bulk

Question 8

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Some Constipation foods?

Answer 8

Processed Cheese, Lean Meat, Eggs, Pasta, Rice, White Bread, Iron, and Calcium Supplements

Question 9

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Foods with Laxative Effects?

Answer 9

Certain Fruits and Veggiees, Bran, Chocolate, SPicy Foods, Alcohol, Coffee

Question 10

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Gas Producing Foods?

Answer 10

Onions, Cabbage, Beans, Cauliflower

Question 11

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Short term of stress?

Answer 11

Diarrhea

Question 12

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Long term of stress?

Answer 12

May lead to frequent constipation

Question 13

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color with any drug that may cause GI bleeding?

Answer 13

Pink to red to black

Question 14

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color with iron salts?

Answer 14

Black stools

Question 15

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Stool color with bismuth subsalicylate?

Answer 15

black stools

Question 16

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: stool color with antacids?

Answer 16

white discoloration or speckling

Question 17

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: stool color with antibiotics?

Answer 17

green-gray color related to impaired digestion

Question 18

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: Common cause of medication induced constipation?

Answer 18

Opioids

Question 19

Variables Influencing Bowel Elimination: What other drugs can cause constipation?

Answer 19

Antacids containing iron sulfate, almuninum, and anticholinergic

Question 20

What is Paralytic ileus?

Answer 20

Direct manipulation of the bowel during abdominal surgery inhibiting peristalsis

Question 21

Abdominal assessment order?

Answer 21

Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion and Palpations

Question 22

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: How long should you listen to the abdomen?

Answer 22

Listen 2 minutes before absence of sounds

Question 23

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: Inspection

Answer 23

Observe contour, any masses, scars, or distention

Question 24

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: Auscultation

Answer 24

Listen for bowel sounds in all quadrants

Question 25

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: What should you do in Auscultation?

Answer 25

Note frequency and character, audible clicks and flatus. | Describe bowel sounds as hypoactive, hyperactice, absent or infrequent

Question 26

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: Percussion and Palpations

Answer 26

Performed by advanced practice professionals

Question 27

Physical Assessment of the Abdomen: When performing palpation, how should the patients knees be?

Answer 27

Bend the patients knees if possible

Question 28

Stool Collection: What technique should you use

Answer 28

Medical Aseptic technique. Always wear disposable gloves when any contact or handling of a stool specimen is likely

Question 29

Stool Collection: Hand Hygiene

Answer 29

Before and after glove use is essential

Question 30

Stool Collection: How much liquid stool do you need?

Answer 30

15-30 mL

Question 31

Stool Collection: What should be placed on the container?

Answer 31

Date, time, patient info, who took/initials

Question 32

What do black stools represent in turn of bleeding?

Answer 32

Upper GI Bleeding

Question 33

What do red stools represent in terms of bleeding?

Answer 33

Lower GI Bleeding

Question 34

What is FOBT used for?

Answer 34

Used to detech occult blood in stool, and can detect cancer and for GI bleeding when ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disorders, adn intestinal polyps present

Question 35

What is a gFOBT?

Answer 35

Chemical test that detects the enzyme peroxidase in hemoglobin molecules when blood is present in the blood sample

Question 36

Positive gFOBT indicates?

Answer 36

Abnormal bleeding is occuring somewhere in teh digestive tract

Question 37

How does a FIT test work??

Answer 37

Uses antibodies directed against human hemoglobin to detect blood in the stool

Question 38

Positive FIt is more specific for bleeding in the

Answer 38

Lower GI tractr

Question 39

Promoting REgluar Bowel Habits: What should we focus on?

Answer 39

Timing, Positioning, Privacy, Nutrition, and Exercise

Question 40

Promoting Regular Bowel Habits: What exercises could be performed?

Answer 40

Abdominal setting and thigh strengthening

Question 41

Individuals at high risk for constipation?

Answer 41

Patients on bedrest taking constipation medicine Patients with reduced fluids or bulk in their diet Pateitns who are depressed

Question 42

Nursing Measurs for Patient with Diarrhea

Answer 42

Answer call bells immediately Remove cause of diarrhea when possible If impaction, obtain physician for rectal examination Give special care around anus

Question 43

Food Safety

Answer 43

Never buy food with damaged packaging Use separate cutting boards for foods Do not wash meat, poultry, or eggs to prevent spreading microorganisms to sink and other kitchen surfaces

Question 44

When emptying colon, what position do you have to be in?

Answer 44

Side lying or Sims

Question 45

Options for emptying the colon of feces?

Answer 45

Enemas Rectal Suppositories Oral Intestinal Lavage Digital Removal of Stool

Question 46

Type of Oral Intestinal Lavage?

Answer 46

GoLYTELY

Question 47

Considerations for Oral Intestinal Lavage?

Answer 47

Use Lubricated Tip. Do not insert too fast and make sure its at room temperature

Question 48

WHat is Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis?

Answer 48

Prolonged contact of the skin with urine or feces that leads to a form of moisture-associated skin damage

Question 49

What is a Levine Tube?

Answer 49

A common single-lumen tube. It lacks a venting system and mucosal damage can occur when suction is applied continuously

Question 50

What is a Ileostomy?

Answer 50

Allows liquid fecal contant from teh ileum of the small intestine to be elimanted through the stoma

Question 51

What is Colonstomy?

Answer 51

Permits formed feces int he colon to exit through the stoma

Question 52

Types of Ostomies?

Answer 52

``` Sigmoid Colostomy Descending Colostomy TRansverse Colostomy Ascending Colostomy Ileostomy ```

Question 53

How should an stoma look?

Answer 53

Dark pink to red to moist

Question 54

Colostomy Care: Odor

Answer 54

Keep the patient as free of odors as possible, empty the appliance frequently

Question 55

Colostomy Care: Inspect

Answer 55

Insepct the patients stoma frequently

Question 56

Colostomy Care:Measure

Answer 56

Measure the pateitns fluid intake and output

Question 57

Colostomy Care: Explain

Answer 57

Explain each aspect of care to the patient and self-care role

Question 58

Colostomy Care: Encourage

Answer 58

Encourage the patient to care for and look at ostomy

Question 59

Colostomy Care: How long will it take to have stool?

Answer 59

It will take a few days before stool comes

Question 60

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Explain

Answer 60

Explain the reason for bowel diversion and the rationale for treatment

Question 61

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Demonstrate

Answer 61

Demonstrate self-care behaviors that effectively manage the ostomy and positive body-image

Question 62

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Describe

Answer 62

Describe follow up care and existing support resources

Question 63

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Report

Answer 63

Report where supplies may be obtained in the community

Question 64

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Verbalize

Answer 64

Verbalize related fears and concerns

Question 65

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Fluids

Answer 65

2 Quarts Fluid Per Day

Question 66

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Avoid High Fier for

Answer 66

6-8 weeks after surgery

Question 67

Patient teaching for Colostomies: Avoid

Answer 67

Laxatives, Enemas, and Enteric Meds