Exam 4 Final

Question 1

stability

Answer 1

Stability is the ability to maintain control of joint movement or positioning

Question 2

mobility

Answer 2

the ability to move well with coordination and a lack of restriction

Question 3

functions of MS

Answer 3

(1) for support- to stand erect

(2) for movement

(3) to encase and protect the inner vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord, heart)

(4) to produce the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis)

(5) as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones.

(6) resorb and reform itself- dissolve and forms new bones

Question 4

Physical performance requires _____, _____, and _____ that function smoothly and effortlessly.

Answer 4

bones, muscles, joints.

Question 5

Injuries are _____, and all have potential for producing _____ _____.

Answer 5

common
permanent disability

Question 6

ligaments

Answer 6

connect bones and stabilize joints

Question 7

tendons

Answer 7

attach bone to muscles (i.e. achilles tendon)

Question 8

bones are cushioned by _____

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

nonsynovial joints

Answer 9

partially moveable- vertebra, skull sutures, mandible

Question 10

synovial joints

Answer 10

freely moveable- bones are separated but enclosed in joint cavity filled with synovial fluid (i.e. knees, hips, shoulders, elbow).

Question 11

bursa

Answer 11

pouches of synovial fluid; cushion movement of tendons and muscles over bone (just under skin)

Question 12

long bones

Answer 12

grow in length and width; remodeling

Question 13

lengthening occurs at the _____ until around age ___.

Answer 13

epiphyses (growth plates)
20

Question 14

Any trauma or infection at the _____ puts the growing child at risk for _____ _____.

Answer 14

epiphyses
bone deformity

Question 15

flexion

Answer 15

Bending a limb at a joint

Question 16

extension

Answer 16

Straightening a limb at a joint

Question 17

abduction

Answer 17

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 18

adduction

Answer 18

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body

Question 19

pronation

Answer 19

Turning the forearm so the palm is down

Question 20

supination

Answer 20

Turning the forearm so the palm is up

Question 21

Circumduction

Answer 21

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Question 22

Inversion

Answer 22

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Question 23

Eversion

Answer 23

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

Question 24

Rotation

Answer 24

Moving the head around a central axis

Question 25

Protraction

Answer 25

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

Question 26

Retraction

Answer 26

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

Question 27

Elevation

Answer 27

Raising a body part

Question 28

distal

Answer 28

further away from midline

Question 29

proximal

Answer 29

closer to midline

Question 30

PROM

Answer 30

passive ROM- moving joint with the help of someone else

Question 31

AROM

Answer 31

active ROM- pt moving joints on their own

Question 32

personal and social history

Answer 32

employment exercise functional abilities- ADL's weight height nutrition tobacco use alcohol use

Question 33

past medical history

Answer 33

- pt. c/o change of function- ask about previous history - trauma - surgery on joint or bone - chronic illness: cancer, arthritis, oseteoporosis, renal or neurolohic disorder - skeletal deformities or congenital anomalies

Question 34

red flags of MS assessment

Answer 34

- loss of bowel or bladder control - pain out of proportion to event - pain radiating down the leg with tingling and/or numbness - asymmetrical weakness - loss of function - fever - inflammation of a joint - unremitting pain especially not improved with Rx.

Question 35

order of physical assessment

Answer 35

- inspection - palpation - ROM - muscle testing

Question 36

general inspection: posture

Answer 36

- head position, alignment - normal spinal curves: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral - cervical: concave - thoracic: convex - lumbar: concave - sacral: convex

Question 37

General inspection: movement

Answer 37

- passive use of extremities - gait: phase, cadence (steps per minute), arm swing, toeing, base of support, stride length - toe in, toe out

Question 38

Assessment of MS Complaint 5 P’s

Answer 38

 Pulses  Poikilothermia- inability to maintain core temperature  Paresthesia- burning or prickling sensation  Paralysis  Pallor Pain is the 5th vital sign: must also be assessed

Question 39

Joint Assessment

Answer 39

ROM Redness Skin Warmth Deformity Stability Swelling Pain Crepitus- a grating sound or sensation