Exam 4 (Final) Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
What are the bones of the shoulder joint?
A
scapula, clavicle, humerus
2
Q
What are the parts of bones that make up the glenohumeral joint?
A
The spherical head of the humerus, and the small shallow glenoid fossa of the scapula
3
Q
The spherical head of the humerus is ______
A
convex
4
Q
The head of the glenoid fossa of the scapula is ______
A
concave
5
Q
The glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?
A
ball and socket
6
Q
How many degrees of freedom does the GH joint move in?
A
3
7
Q
What are the osteokinematis of the GH joint?
A
F/T/S + Scaption
8
Q
the GH joint can move in ______ degrees of abduction/adduction
A
120/-
9
Q
The GH joint can move in ____ degrees of rotation
A
70-90
10
Q
The GH joint can move in _____ degrees of horizontal abduction/adduction
A
45/135
11
Q
The GH joint can move in _____ degrees of flexion and extension
A
120/50
12
Q
Why is the GH joint frequently injured?
A
Due to its design
13
Q
What deepens the glenoid fossa?
A
Labrum
14
Q
Why are the ligaments of the GH joint so lax?
A
To accommodate wide ROM
15
Q
What does the labrum do?
A
deepens fossa, provides cushioning, and prevents excessive translation of humeral head
16
Q
What are the ligamentous reinforcements of the GH joint?
A
Coracohumeral, superior glenohumeral, middle glenohumeral, inferior glenohumeral
17
Q
The GH joint capsule allows for _____ of distraction
A
1-2 inches
18
Q
What is the redundant fold?
A
an axillary pouch
19
Q
What do the rotator cuff muscles do?
A
provide compression of the GH joint and give dynamic ligament tension
20
Q
Joint compression resists what and does what else?
A
translation forces, centers humeral head
21
Q
What are the superior muscular reinforcements of the GH joint?
A
supraspinatus and long head of biceps
22
Q
What is the inferior musclular reinforcement of the gh joint?
A
long head of triceps
23
Q
What is the anterior muscular reinforcement of the gh joint?
A
subscapularis, pectoralis major, and teris major
24
Q
What is the posterior muscular reinforcement of the gh joint?
A
infraspinatus and teres minor
25
The deltoid is force-coupled with what?
infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
26
The lower serratus anterior is force coupled with what?
lower trapezius
27
The levator scapulae is force coupled with what?
weight of arm
28
What are the specific motions of the gh joint?
horizontal abduction/adduction, diagonal abduction/adduction, circumduction
29
Abduction is paired with what motion?
upward rotation
30
Adduction is paired with what motion?
downward rotation
31
Flexion is paired with what motion?
Elevation/upward motion
32
Extension is paired with what motion?
depression/downward rotation
33
Internal rotation is paired with what motion?
Protration
34
External roation is paired with what motion?
retraction
35
What are the superior muscles of the shoulder joint?
deltoid, supraspinatus
36
What are the posterior muscles of the shoulder joint?
infraspinatus, teres minor
37
What are the anterior muscles of the shoulder joint?
subscapularis, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii
38
What are the inferior muscles of the shoulder joint?
latissimus dorsi, teres major, long head of the triceps brachii
39
What is the function of the middle deltoid?
abduction
40
What is the function of the anterior deltoid?
abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation
41
What is the function of the supraspinatus?
Weak abduction, weak flexion, stabilizes GH joint, important dynamic stabilizer in throwing
42
What is the most often injured of rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus
43
What is the function of the Infraspinatus?
External Rotation, Horizontal abduction, extension, Maintains posterior stability of numeral head in fossa
44
What is the infraspinatus the most powerful for?
External Rotation
45
The infraspinatus is effective when?
Rhomboids stabilize scapula
46
What is the function of the Teres Minor?
External rotation, horizontal abduction, extension
47
The teres minor stabilizes what?
Humeral head in glenoid fossa
48
The Teres minor functions similarly to the _____; same actions
infraspinatus
49
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Internal rotation, adduction, extension, stabilization of GH joint in anterior and inferior sections
50
What is the function of the pectoralis major- clavicular?
Flexion, Horizontal adduction, Internal rotation, abd/add
51
What is the function of the pectoralis major - sternocostal?
Internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, adduction
52
What is the function of the coracobrachialis?
Horizontal adduction, assists in flexion, assists in adduction,
53
What is the coracobrachialis most functional in?
horizontal adduction
54
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
Adduction, extension, internal rotation and horizontal abduction
55
What is one of the most important extensors?
latissimus dorsi
56
the latissimus dorsi has strong action in what?
adduction
57
What is the function of the teres major?
extension, internal rotation, adduction
58
The teres major is only effective when?
When rhomboids stabilize the scapula
59
The teres major works effectively with what?
latissimus Dorsi
60
What are the flexors of the shoulder joint?
anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major-clavicular
61
What are the extensors of the shoulder joint?
Latissimus Dorsi, Posterior deltoid, teres major, pectoralis major-sternal, supraspinatus
62
What are the abductors of the shoulder joint?
Anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, pec major-clavicular, supraspinatus
63
What are the adductors of the shoulder?
Latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, teres major, pec major-sternal, pec major-clavicular, subscapularis
64
What are the internal rotators of the shoulder joint?
anterior deltoid, teres major, lat dorsi, pec major - both, subscapularis
65
What are the external rotators of the shoulder joint?
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
66
What are the horizontal abductors of the shoulder joint?
posterior deltoid, lat dorsi, infraspinatus, teres minor
67
What are the horizontal adductors of the shoulder joint?
anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pec major- both
68
What is the function of the spine?
Mechanism for maintaining upright posture that permits movement of head, neck, and trunk
69
Our spine is ______ stronger than a straight, solid rod
10x
70
The spine provides what?
Stability and mobility, support and protection, resistance and adaptation
71
There are ____ cervical vertebrae
7
72
There are ____ thoracic vertebrae
12
73
There are ____ lumbar vertebrae
5
74
The cervical vertebrae have a _____ curve
lordotic
75
The thoracic vertebrae have a _____ curve
kyphotic
76
The _____ and _____ are the last parts of the spine
sacrum and coccyx
77
Cervical vertebrae are _____ than thoracic and have more of a function of _____
lighter, mobility
78
The facets of the cervical vertebrae are _____
slanted
79
The cervical vertebrae favor movements in the _____ plane
sagittal
80
Thoracic vertebrae have facets facing ______
sagittal plane
81
What movements are limited in the thoracic vertebrae?
hyper-extension, rotation
82
What movements are possible in thoracic vertebrae?
flexion, lateral flexion, some rotation
83
What is the main function of the lumbar vertebrae?
bear weight of the body
84
The facets of the lumbar vertebrae face where?
inward
85
What are the movements of the lumbar vertebrae?
flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation
86
There are ____ fused sacral vertebrae
5`
87
_____ is extremely important in the sacral vertebrae
stability
88
The coccyx consists of ___ fused vertebrae
4
89
Vertebrae _____ in size from first cervical to fifth lumbar spine
increase
90
Why do vertebrae increase in size?
Because they need to support more weight
91
The cervical vertebrae have a _____ curve
lordotic
92
The thoracic vertebrae have a ____ curve
kyphotic
93
The lumbar vertebrae have a _____ curve
lordotic
94
The sacral vertebrae have a _____ curve
kyphotic
95
There are _____ sets of articulations in the vertebral joints
2
96
Vertebral arches occur in _____; ____ on either side of each vertebra
pairs, one
97
The articulation of vertebral bodies are ______ joints
cartilaginous joints
98
Intervertebral discs are _____
fibrocartilage
99
Intervertebral discs have a _____ and ______
outer fibrous rim, nucleus pulposus
100
What are the two ligaments that reinforce the vertebrae?
Anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior longitudinal ligament
101
Facets are _____
nonaxial
102
Facets are enclosed in a _____
capsule
103
articulation of vertebral arches permit what?
gliding
104
Movement of vertebral arches is determined by what?
direction the articular facets face
105
What makes up the atlanto-occipital articulation?
condyles of occipital bone, articular fossa of atlas
106
The atlanto-occipital articulation acts like a _____ ____
hinge joint
107
Mostion motion occurs in what regions?
cervical and lumbar
108
cervical motion is the motion of what?
The neck and head
109
Lumbar motion is the motion of the _____
lower trunk
110
The atlanto-occipital joint moves in what movements?
flexion and extension, slight lateral flexion
111
The atlantoaxial joint moves how?
rotation
112
The remaining cervical joint do what movements?
flexion and extension, lateral flexion, rotation
113
The thoracic region has what movements?
moderate flexion, limited extension, limited lateral flexion, rotation
114
The lumbar region has what movements?
flexion and extension, lateral flexion, limited rotation
115
What are the prevertebral muscles?
longus capitis & coli, rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
116
What are the hyoid muscles?
suprahyoids and infrahyoids
117
The bilateral prevertebral muscles do what?
flex head and neck
118
The unilateral prevertebral muscles do what?
lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side
119
What do the hyoid muscles do?
flex head and neck, assist with swallowing
