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Political Science 2 - Collins > Exam 4: Foreign Policy > Flashcards

Exam 4: Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

What is foreign policy?

A

programs and policies that determine America’s relations with other nations and foreign entities

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2
Q

States =

A

Nations

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3
Q

What makes up foreign policy?

A

Diplomacy
military policy
human rights
economic policy

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4
Q

what is diplomacy

A

our relationship with other countries

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5
Q

human rights =

A

providing care to citizens of other countries

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6
Q

What are 4 main goals of foreign policy?

A
  1. protection of U.S. citizens
  2. Access to key resources and markets
  3. Balance of power
  4. Protection of Human Rights
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7
Q

Foreign Policy can allow access to key resources and markets such as …

A
  1. military weapons
  2. goods and services
  3. avocado
  4. oil/ fossil fuel
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8
Q

What is the definition of balance of power?

A

states that a small group of countries are going to hold all the power

all countries are competing for the #1 spot of being the most powerful

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9
Q

What are some ways foreign policy can protect human rights?

A
  1. food
  2. health
  3. humanitarian resources
  4. clothes
  5. basic rights (equality) - helps country transition into democracy
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10
Q

What are 3 organizations that help with providing protection of human rights?

A
  1. United Nation
  2. North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO)
  3. Financial Aid to improve the quality of life
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11
Q

How many states make up the United Nations?

A

193 states/ nations

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12
Q

Why was the United Nations created?

A

created to prevent another World War

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13
Q

What are some of the topics that the UN focuses on?

A
  1. maintain peace with other countries
  2. work on relationships with other countries
  3. work on social growth & human rights
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14
Q

What two nations are not involved in the United Nations?

A
  1. Palestine
  2. Vatican City (smallest country in the world)
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15
Q

What is NATO?

A

countries who are bounded by a treaty to protect each other militarily

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16
Q

What is an example of NATO?

A

if the US goes to war, then all the other countries involved in NATO will also go into war

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17
Q

How many countries are involved in NATO?

A

31

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18
Q

What countries are involved in NATO?

A

Canada
United States
Western European Countries

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19
Q

How does the US carry out Foreign Policy?

A

through:
1. trade policy
2. Diplomacy
3. Global Environment policy
4. Military Strategy

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20
Q

Trade policy is basically

A

how we are going to trade goods with other countries

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21
Q

What is free trade?

A

where the united states lower tariffs in order to promote trade with other countries

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22
Q

what is an outcome of free trade?

A

it makes our goods cheaper

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23
Q

What is protectionism?

A

where the united states is going to raise tariffs in order to protect the United States

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24
Q

What is an example of protectionism?

A

when the united states raised tariffs on avocados coming in from Mexico, bc the cartel was hiding cocaine in avocados

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25
Q

What is a negative outcome of protectionism?

A

items get more expensive

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26
Q

Diplomacy is how …

A

how we are going to have a relationship with other countries in order to have peace

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27
Q

How do we carry out diplomacy?

A

Through
1. ambassadors/ diplomats

  1. embassies
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28
Q

What is the role of ambassadors?

A

are assigned to countries, live in that country, and work on our relationship within those countries

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29
Q

What are some benefits of embassies?

A
  1. promote tourism
  2. Help US citizen while traveling abroad
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30
Q

T/F: embassies and ambassadors are located in every country.

A

FALSE

The United States WILL NOT have embassy and ambassadors In countries that we do not have a good relationship with.

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31
Q

How are foreign policies carried out by military strategy?

A

when the govt. has to decide what level of force/ power to enforce on different countries

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32
Q

What is soft power?

A

where the united states attempts to use positive relationships in order to achieve a goal

33
Q

what are some examples of soft power?

A

tourism
sports & entertainment

34
Q

What is hard power

A

where the US is going to use some level of force in order to achieve a goal

35
Q

what are some types of hard power?

A
  1. Economic Sanctions
  2. Military Force: bombs, guns, & stuff
36
Q

Economic Sanctions and Military force are examples of

A

Hard Power

37
Q

What are economic sanctions

A

where the United States puts economic limitations on a country in order to disrupt their economy

38
Q

What are some examples of economic sanctions?

A
  1. restricting trade
  2. blocking bank accounts
  3. banning oil
  4. restricting flights to these countries
39
Q

T/F: The US starts with economic sanctions before war or sending troops

A

TRUEE

40
Q

What is Isolationism?

A

a strategy were countries will NOT get involved with other countries conflict

41
Q

What are some examples of isolationism?

A

Switzerland

the US post WW2

42
Q

What is Liberal Internationalism?

A

a strategy were countries WILL INTERVENE in other countries conflict in order to END said conflict

43
Q

what is an example of liberal internationalism?

A

the Vietnam War

44
Q

What is the Grand Strategy?

A

were the United States will build military bases in other countries, in order to have a quick response to conflict

45
Q

what was the governments reasoning behind the grand strategy?

A

in order to have a quick response to conflict

46
Q

Where are most military bases, due to the grand strategy, located?

A

in the Philippines, bc it it closer to china

47
Q

Why was the grand strategy effective?

A

the whole idea of balance of power

48
Q

Constitutionally who is able to declare war?

A

CONGRESS, under Article 1, Section 8

49
Q

T/F: the president cannot declare war

A

FALSE

the president can declare war under its inherit powers

50
Q

how can the president declare war?

A

under its inherit powers (commander in chief responsibilities)

51
Q

What did the War Power Act establish?

A

stated that the president can declare war or order military mission for up to 60 days, after 60 days congress has to approve it every 30 days

52
Q

The War Power Act was later replaced by the __(1)__ due to __(2)__

A
  1. Authorization for Use of Military Force
  2. 9/11
53
Q

What did the Authorization for Use of Military Force establish?

A

when Congress gave the president the authority to use all “necessary and appropriate” force against nations, organization, or person they believed were involved AND could also order future mission to prevent terrorism.

54
Q

T/F: the Authorization for Use of Military Force is still in affect today

A

TRUEE

55
Q

The Authorization for Use of Military Force, in essence,

A

REMOVED congress from declaring war and ordering military missions

56
Q

Why is congress looking to re-visit the Authorization for Use of Military Force?

A

Because this act makes the president really powerful

57
Q

Who makes Foreign Policy?

A
  1. President/ executive branch
  2. National Security Council
  3. The State Department
58
Q

How can the president make foreign policies?

A

Through:
1. executive agreements

  1. Bush Doctrine
59
Q

Recent presidents have used foreign policies to

A

order military missions

60
Q

What did the Bush Doctrine establish?

A

Stated that the US will respond immediately to any threat

61
Q

The national security council is also called

A

the Sub-Cabinet

62
Q

who is in the National Security Council?

A
  1. President
  2. Vice President
  3. Secretary of State
  4. Secretary of defense
  5. Director of the CIA
  6. Director of the FBI
  7. United Nation Ambassadors
  8. National Security Advisors
63
Q

What are the roles of the National Security Advisors?

A
  1. oversee the national security council
  2. makes sure that all information is gathered and the presidents foreign policy is carried out
64
Q

What are the roles of the Nation Security Advisors?

A
  1. manage foreign policy
  2. synthesize national security information from our bureaucratic government, then they help the president based on this synthesis
  3. collectively make decisions of foreign policy
65
Q

what is the role of the state department

A

oversees the day to day operations of foreign policy

66
Q

What are some examples of the state department carrying out/ making foreign policies?

A
  1. embassies and ambassadors
  2. ceremonial visits
67
Q

What are some challenges to foreign policy?

A
  1. no true authority
  2. differing views on government rules
  3. issues transcend border
68
Q

How is the concept of no true authority a challenge for foreign policy?

A

there is no world police system and ultimately countries are going to do what they want

69
Q

How is the concept of differing views a challenge for foreign policy?

A

not everyone has a democracy. with that being said many world leaders cannot/ do not get along with other countries

70
Q

How is the concept of issues transcend borders a challenge for foreign policy?

A

sometimes issues go beyond a governemnt

71
Q

What is an example of issues that transcend borders?

A

terrorist groups

The attack of 9/11 was not cause by a specific government. Still the US sent troops to these areas and attacked citizens and buildings

72
Q

what was the most recent country that joined NATO

A

Sweden

73
Q

what is the purpose of foreign aid

A

it encourages other countries to support our goals

74
Q

what percentage of the total american budget is spent on foreign aid?

A

1%: 50 billion

75
Q

T/F: Germany is the largest world aid donor

A

FALSE

its the UNITED STATES

76
Q

Where does American foreign aid pay for?

A
  1. to fight diseases: HIV & AIDS
  2. natural disasters
  3. war

4.supports international organizations such as the UN development program or the World Bank

  1. funds programs that promote free-market and democracy
  2. military and security
77
Q

What are some roles of the UN Development program and the World Bank?

A
  1. reduce infant death
  2. build highways or ports in poor countries
78
Q

what countries receive the most military aid from the US?

A
  1. Israel
  2. Egypt
  3. Afghanistan
  4. Jordan
79
Q

why is foreign aid beneficial?

A
  1. promotes alliances
  2. promotes democracy, trade, and economic growth
  3. helps prevent conflict that might lead to military intervention
  4. can help fight terrorism

Political Science 2 - Collins (26 decks)

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