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A&P II > Exam 4 - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Upper airway is all _____ cavities.

A

pharynx

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2
Q

The larynx is a _________ structure that ______ in the middle of the neck.

A

Cartilagenous; floats

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3
Q

The top of the larynx is connected to the _____. How is it connected? (what type of tissue)

A

hyoid bone; attaches through ligaments and skeletal muscles

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4
Q

What muscles help secure or camlp larynx to floating hyoid bone?

A

Pharyngeal muscles

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5
Q

What membrane connects top of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane which comes across front of larynx

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6
Q

The trachea is connected to what part of larynx?

A

base of larynx

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7
Q

What is the length of and width of trachea?

A

10-13cm long, “couple” cm wide but said its width of their thumb (seems more than a couple to me….)

some folks would say index finger but schmidty says thumb

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8
Q

What manuever changes the length and diameter of the trachea?

A

Extending the head back will lengthen and make the trachea more narrow, and pushing the head forward will do the opposite.

think of stretching out a plastic tube

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9
Q

The vast majority of trachea is seated where? How many cm?

A

Inside thorax, 6-9cm

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10
Q

How many cm of trachea is extrathoracic?

A

4-7cm (based on fact that he said 6-9 is intrathoracic and trachea is 13cm)

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11
Q

the _______ is what connect the trachea cartilage rings to eachother.

A

annular ligaments

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12
Q

How many cartilaginous rings on average are connected by annular ligaments?

A

20

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13
Q

Are cartilaginous rings continous?

A

No

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14
Q

Why does the posterior side of trachea have an opening?

A

To help us swallow and to help us cough

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15
Q

How does an open back trachea cartilage help with swallowing?

A

Allows esophagus to expand

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16
Q

How does the trachea increase wind speeds in coughing?

A

The connective tissue on back of trachea can infold and divide the trachea into “two” areas

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17
Q

whats the role of cilia cells?

A

Carries junk outta the way

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18
Q

Whats the role of goblet cells?

A

produce mucus

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19
Q

Cilia in lung cells are positioned around __________

A

goblet cells

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20
Q

The LEFT lung has __ bronchopulmonary segments that turn into __ segments, which totals __.

A

4; 2; 8

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21
Q

Right lung has __ total segments.

A

10

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22
Q

How many total segments between both lungs?

A

18

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23
Q

during fetal development, the left lung originally starts with 10 segments just like right lung, but two pairs of these segments do what?

A

Fuse together, reducing total segments to 8.

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24
Q

What are the differences in mainstem sizes between the two lungs?

A

Right lung has a wider mainstem and left lung has a longer and more narrow mainstem.

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25
How long is the right mainstem? How long is the left?
"couple cm's, short and branches almost immediately" 4-6cm
26
What is the bifurcation angle of each mainstem FROM VERTICAL, and what's the total angle?
Right: 25 degrees Left: 45 degrees Total: 70 degree wedge
27
The last piece of cartilage on bottom of trachea that starts the bifurcation point is called
carina
28
What are the 2 spots to do an invasive airway?
Median cricothyroid ligament Also can go extrathoracic in trachea itself but very limited space
29
The tissue youre cutting through for an invasive airway is
connective tissue
30
The median cricothyroid membrane connects what?
Front of cricoid cartilage to front **INSIDE** of thyroid cartilage
31
Is the thyroid cartilage continous?
no... open in the back
32
Is the cricoid cartilage continous?
yes
33
Most narrow point of airway in 10 years or younger what about adults?
cricoid cartilage; vocal cords
34
Fancy name for vocal cords or area between cords?
Transglottic space
35
What should you be able to palpate after ETT intubation?
The inflated cuff just below the larynx, around the top of the sternum at the sternal notch/angle (he called it both)
36
What structure do you press on to block off the esophagus?
cricoid cartilage since its continous
37
Muscle #1 of laryngeal muscles
Cricothyroid muscle
38
Cricothyroid muscle connects ____ of cricoid cartilage to ____ of thyroid cartilage
front; rear
39
What happens when the cricothyroid muscle contracts?
Pulls voice box (larynx) down
40
What is within the cricothyroid muscle structure and what is this thing connected to?
Vocal cords, attached to laryngeal prominence and arytenoid cartilages
41
What is the only muscle that is fully exterior of larynx?
cricothyroid muscle, rest are internal.
42
Does the cricothyroid muscle contraction tighten or relax vocal cords?
tighten if the arytenoid cartilage doesnt move.
43
Does the cricothyroid muscle open or close the vocal cords? What does it do to the pitch of the voice?
NEITHER hehe It puts tension on them, but thats it. higher pitched voice
44
The opening between the vocal cords is called
rima glottidis
45
Laryngeal muscle #2 is
vocalis muscle
46
The vocalis muscle runs ____ ___the cords
parallel to
47
Contracting the vocalis muscle will
tighten up the cords right next to it, same action as cricothyroid.
48
Will contracting the vocalis muscle open or close the cords?
NEITHER hehe just like the cricothyroid
49
Laryngeal muscle #3
thyroarytenoid muscle
50
The thyroarytenoid muscle attaches what structures?
from back Arytenoid cartilage to medial lateral portion of thyroid cartilage on each side.
51
The arytenoid cartilage is ____________________ in middle of cartilage, so when it contracts, it rotates the left arytenoid cartilage _____, right arytenoid cartilage ______ and it ____ the vocal cords.
on a swivel with rotational axis cylinder; clockwise; counter clockwise; closes
52
When you _____ a child, you are taking them When you give them back, you are ________ them.
abduct; adduct
53
Adduct means ___ and abduct means ______.
close; open *Abducting little johnny means youre opening a state-wide case, and adducting little johnny closes the case (if you get caught)*
54
What is muscle #4? Where is it and what does it do? Close, open, adduct or abduct?
Transverse arytenoid muscle Pulls cartilage together, and the rotational axis cylinder on middle of cartilage bends. It *CLOSES* the vocal cords/ADDUCTS them.
55
What is the only laryngeal muscle to open the vocal cords?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
56
What is muscle #5?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
57
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle connects the ____ of arytenoid cartilage to ________ of cricoid cartilage
very back; medial posterior portion
58
What is the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle opposite of? (the action of another muscle)
thyroarytenoid muscle
59
What happens if we have a bed set of posterior cricoarytenoid muscles?
Trouble breathing since its the only one that opens the vocal cords
60
What causes laryngospasm?
Pharyngeal constrictor sets
61
What is muscle #6 and where is it attached? Open or close?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, from very back of arytenoid cartilages and connects to median lateral cricoid cartilage, aids in closing vocal cords.
62
Tongue sensory is mostly through what nerve?
CN V (Trigeminal)
63
What are the 3 divisions of CN V?
Top (V1): forehead Middle (V2): maxillary (upper mouth and nose) Bottom (V3): Sensory mandibular division
64
What do the vocal cords look like while breathing normally? (how much abduction per the chart)
Gentle abduction
65
What does a stage whisper look like for the cords?
Opening on posterior side, should NOT be vibrating
66
What do the cords look like during phonation?
Veeeery close together but NOT closed, tightening allows different pitches in voice, and thats why you cant really take a breath while talking (also the fact you're fucking exhaling, right?)
67
What nerve innervates and closes voicebox?
inferior laryngeal nerves
68
What happens if one of our inferior laryngeal nerves are damaged? Who did he use as an example and what does that person claim caused it?
Raspy and offsounding voice; RFK; vaccines
69
Why can we still speak with minimal nerve function?
Way more muscles that close the cords than open

A&P II (23 decks)

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