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Gross Anatomy > Exam 4 Muscles of Facial Expression and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Exam 4 Muscles of Facial Expression and Parotid Region Flashcards

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1
Q

Bones of the viscerocranium.

A
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Nasal
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2
Q

Frontalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachement
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Upper orbital margin
  • Distal Attachment: Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: Elevates eyebrows/wrinkles forehead
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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3
Q

Occipitalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Superior nuchal line
  • Distal Attachment: Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: Retracts scalp
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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4
Q

Orbicularis oculi muscle

  • Orbital portion
    • Proximal Attachment
    • Distal Attachment
    • Action
    • Innervation
  • Palpebral portion
    • Proximal Attachment
    • Distal Attachment
    • Action
    • Innervation
A
  • Orbital portion
    • Proximal Attachment: Medial orbital portion of frontal bone
    • Distal Attachment: Skin around margin of orbit
    • Action: Closes eyelid (voluntary movement)
    • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
  • Palpebral portion
    • Proximal Attachment: Lacrimal bone
    • Distal Attachment: Superior and inferior tarsal plates
    • Action: Closes eyelids (involuntary blink reflex)
    • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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5
Q

Corrugator supercilli muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Medial supraorbital margin
  • Distal Attachment: Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: Draws eyebrows downward and medially
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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6
Q

Procerus muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Nasal bone and cartilage
  • Distal Attachment: Skin between eyebrows
  • Action: Draws eyebrows downward
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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7
Q

Nasalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Nasal bone and cartilage
  • Distal Attachment: Ala of nose
  • Action: Draws ala of nose toward septum (flaring nostrils)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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8
Q

Depressor septi nasi muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Incisive fossa of maxilla
  • Distal Attachment: Ala and nasal septum
  • Action: Draws ala of nose toward septum (nostril flaring)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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9
Q

Zygomaticus major muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Zygomatic arch
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Draws angle of mouth upward and backward
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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10
Q

Zygomaticus minor muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Zygomatic arch
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Elevates upper lip
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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11
Q

Levator labii superioris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Maxilla above infraorbital foramen
  • Distal Attachment: Skin of upper lip
  • Action: Elevates upper lip and dilates nares
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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12
Q

Levator anguli oris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Canine fossa of maxilla
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Elevates angle of mouth medially
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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13
Q

Risorius muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Masseteric fascia
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth
  • Action: Retracts angle of mouth
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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14
Q

Depressor anguli oris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Oblique line of mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Inferior aspect of mouth
  • Action: Depresses angle of mouth
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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15
Q

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Mandible below mental foramen
  • Distal Attachment: Obicularis oris muscle and skin of lower lip
  • Action: Depresses lower lip
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
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16
Q

Mentalis muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Incisive fossa of mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Skin of chin
  • Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
17
Q

Orbicularis oris muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Maxilla above incisors and mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Skin of lip
  • Action: Closes lip
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
18
Q

Buccinator muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Pterygomandibular raphe, alveolar process of maxilla, mandible
  • Distal Attachment: Angle of mouth blendind with orbicularis oris muscle
  • Action: Presses/tightens cheek (chewing, blowing)
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
19
Q

Platysma muscle

  • Proximal Attachment
  • Distal Attachment
  • Action
  • Innervation
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Proximal Attachment: Superficial fascia over part of deltoid and pectoralis major
  • Distal Attachment: Mandible; Skin and muscles over mandible and angle of mouth
  • Action: Depresses lower jaw/lip, angle of mouth
    • Wrinkles skin of neck
  • Innervation: CN VII (Facial nerve)
20
Q

CN VII (Facial nerve)

  • Where does it emerge from the skull?
  • What type of nerve fibers are found in it?
  • Branches
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Emerges from sylomastoid foramen
  • Somatic motor fibers only
  • Runs through parotid gland (parotid plexus) without innervating the gland and branches into:
    • Temporal branch: Crosses zygomatic arch
    • Zygomatic branch: Superior to parotid duct
    • Buccal branch: Inferior to parotid duct
    • Marginal mandibular branch: Margin of mandible
    • Cervical branch: Runs inferior to platysma

“Ten Zebras Bought My Car”

21
Q

Bell’s Palsy

  • What is it?
  • What causes it?
  • Symptoms?
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Unilateral paralysis of facial muscles
  • Caused by damage to facial nerve
  • Symptoms:
    • Decreased lacrimation (loss of greater petrosal n function)
    • Loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue (loss of chorda tympani n function)
    • Sensitiviy to sound (loos of stapedius m. function)
    • Deviation of lower jaw and tongue (loss of digastric m. tone)
22
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve and what do they supply?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1):
    • Supraorbital n: Supplies skin of middle of superior eyelid and skin of lateral forehead and scalp
    • Supratrochlear n: Supplies skin of medial portion of superior eyelid and skin of medial forehead.
  • Maxillary nerve (CN V2):
    • Zygomaticotemporal n: Supplies skin anterior to temporal fossa
    • Zygomaticofacial n: Supplies skin on prominence of cheek
    • Infraorbital: Supplies skin of cheek, lateral nose, skin and oral mucosa of upper lip
  • Mandibular nerve (CN V3):
    • Auriculotemporal n: Supplies skin to auricle and posterior 2/3 of temporal region
    • Long buccal n: Supplies skin of oral mucosa of cheek and buccal gingiva of mandibular molars
    • Mental n: Supplies skin of chin and skin and oral mucosa of lower lip
23
Q

Branches of cervical plexus and what they innervate.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Great auricular n.
    • Innervates skin over parotid region
    • Innervates parotid sheath
  • Lesser occipital n.
    • Supplies scalp posterior to auricle
  • Greater occipital n.
    • Supplies scalp over occipital region
24
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureax)

  • What is it?
  • What causes it?
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pain along cource of CN V
  • Caused by vascular compression upon trigeminal nerve root.
25
**Facial Artery** * What does it branch off of? * What are its cervical branches? * What are its superficial facial branches?
* 3rd branch of external carotid artery * Cervical branches: * Ascending palatine * Tonsillar branch * Glandular branch * Submental * Superficial facial branches: * Inferior labial a * Superior labial a * Lateral nasal a * Angular a
26
**Other branches of external carotid artery**
* Superficial temporal a * Transverse facial a. * Maxillary a * Infraorbital a * Mental a
27
**Facial branches of internal carotid artery**
* Supraorbital a: branch of ophthalmic a * Supratrochlear a: branch of ophthalmic a * Dorsal nasal a
28
**Facial Veins** * What is unique about them? * Which ones drain into the internal jugular vein? * Which ones drain into the pterygoid venous plexus? * Which ones drain into the cavernous sinus?
* Veins are valveless: flow both ways * Drain into jugular vein: * Angular vein * Nasal veins * Superior labial vein * Inferior labial vein * Facial vein * Common facial vein: receives blood from most facial veins * Retromandibular vein: anterior branch drains into facial vein * Drain into pterygoid venous plexus: * Deep facial vein * Drain into cavernous sinus: * Ophthalmic veins
29
What is significant about the danger area of the face?
* Triangular space around nose to upper lip. * If pus or bacteria enter venous drainage from this area, infection can spread to cavernous sinus via ophthalmic vv or pterygoid plexus via deep facial v * Warm moist environment can allow growth of bacteria in cavernous sinus and can lead to death if left untreated.
30
**Parotid gland** * What is it? * What surrounds it? * Where does parotid duct (Stenson's duct) empty? * What is its innervation?
* Largest salivary gland * Surrounded by deep cervical fascia (parotid sheath) * Parotid duct pierces buccinator m. and empties into oral cavity near 2nd maxillary molar * Innervation: * Sensory from great auricular n (branch of cervical plexus) * Parasympathetic via glossopharyngeal n: synapse in otic ganglion * Sympathetic via plexus on branches of external carotid artery: synapses at superior cervical ganglion
31
**Scalp** * Layers from superficial to deep * Arterial blood supply * Venous drainage
* Layers: * Skin * Connective tissue: Highly vascular * Aponeurosis (epicranial): Occipitofrontalis m. * Fuses laterally with temporalis fascia * Loose connective tissue: Allows aponeurosis to move * Periosteium: Anchors occipital belly of occipitofrontalis m. * Arterial blood supply: * Superficial temporal * Supraorbital * Occipital * Posterior auricular * Venous drainage: * Superficial temporal * Supraorbital * Occipital * Posterior auricular * Emissary: Connect veins outside cranium to dural venous sinuses * Flow toward brain * Enter cranium via transverse emissary foramina * No valves so infection can spread from scalp into dural sinuses and brain tissue
32
Where can scalp bleeding and infection spread?
* CANNOT spread to neck: due to attachment of occipitalis m. to bone * CANNOT spread laterally: due to epicranial aponeurosis being continuous with temporal fascia * CAN spread to eyelids and root of nose: due to insertion of frontalis m into supraorbital skin

Gross Anatomy (21 decks)

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