exam 4 revised

Question 1

respiratory center

Answer 1

ventilation

Question 2

slightly negative pressure to create suction between visceral and parietal pleura

Answer 2

intrapleural pressure

Question 3

wants to equalize pressure with atmosphere

Answer 3

intrapulmonary pressure

Question 4

amount of air inspired and expired with each breath (about 500mL)

Answer 4

tidal volume

Question 5

elasticity of the lung

Answer 5

pulmonary compliance

Question 6

collapse of a portion of lung

Answer 6

atelectasis

Question 7

most (97%) of 02 loosely combined with this and carried to cells

Answer 7

hemoglobin

Question 8

what is gas transport affected by?

Answer 8

cardiac output, hematocrit and exercise

Question 9

fruity acetone breath

Answer 9

Kussmaul breathing

Question 10

stop patterns in breathing

Answer 10

cheyne stokes

Question 11

irregular breathing

Answer 11

biots

Question 12

insufficient 02 to tissues

Answer 12

hypoxia

Question 13

increased pulse, rapid shallow breaths, flaring of nostrils, intercostal retractions, cyanosis

Answer 13

hypoxia clinical signs

Question 14

inability to breathe except in upright position

Answer 14

orthopnea

Question 15

destruction of alveoli - C02 retention

Answer 15

emphysema

Question 16

cyanosis, clubbing of fingers

Answer 16

bronchitis

Question 17

reversible airflow obstruction, airway inflammation

Answer 17

asthma

Question 18

normal pH range

Answer 18

7.35-7.45

Question 19

normal PO2

Answer 19

80-100

Question 20

normal PC02

Answer 20

35-45

Question 21

HC03

Answer 21

22-28

Question 22

what promotes good oxygenation

Answer 22

deep breathing, coughing, hydration

Question 23

rebreathes some exhaled air air along with 02

Answer 23

partial rebreather mask

Question 24

allows for precise FI02

Answer 24

venturi mask

Question 25

can deliver FI02 up to 100% - reservior bag must remain 1/2-1/2 full to prevent C02 buildup

Answer 25

nonrebreather mask

Question 26

placed over a tracheostomy tube for humidity and 02 delivery

Answer 26

tracheostomy collar

Question 27

02 1-6 L/min

Answer 27

nasal cannula

Question 28

good for patients who feel claustrophobic with masks

Answer 28

face tent

Question 29

fit tightly. muffles talk. check skin around mask

Answer 29

simple face mask

Question 30

primary pacemaker

Answer 30

SA node

Question 31

Increased HR will increase CO

Answer 31

true

Question 32

drugs that affect contractility

Answer 32

inotropes (digoxin)

Question 33

resistence against which heart needs to pump

Answer 33

afterload

Question 34

left sided heart failure symtoms

Answer 34

cough, crackles, cyanosis, confusion, restlesness, tachycardia

Question 35

what will be elevated with CHF excerbation

Answer 35

brain natriuretic peptide

Question 36

right sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 36

fatigue, edema, distened jugular veins

Question 37

lung collapse

Answer 37

atelectasis

Question 38

excess carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 38

hypercarbia

Question 39

low oxygen in the blood

Answer 39

hypoxemia

Question 40

deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues

Answer 40

hypoxia

Question 41

what is normal tidal volume?

Answer 41

500mL

Question 42

incentive spirometer

Answer 42

helps you take slow deep breaths to fill your lungs

Question 43

deep labored breathing with fruity smell

Answer 43

Kussmauls breathing

Question 44

deeper faster breathing followed by periods of apnea

Answer 44

cheyne stokes respiration

Question 45

use of gravity to help drain mucus into the mouth by placing the body in specific positions

Answer 45

postural drainage