Exam 4 study guide Flashcards
(105 cards)
how to treat spinal injuries
1.Ensure oxygenation and normal ventilation.
2. treat severe bleeding
3. pay attention to blood glucose levels
4. spinal motion restriction: Cervical collar, Rigid Spine board, scoop stretcher, and vacuum mattress.
A collection of blood between the brain and dura
subdural hematoma
blood between the dura and skull?
epidural hematoma
when blood pools within the brain
intracerebral hematoma
Mouth closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain complete recovery is usually expected but effects may linger for weeks months or even years
Concussion.
Scattered areas of bleeding on the surface of the brain, most commonly along the undersurface and poles of the frontal and temporal lobes. When the brain strikes a Ridge on the skull or a fold in the dura matter.
Cerebral contusion
Open head versus close head injury and how are they treated?
And open head injury is when the bones of the cranium are fractured. A closed head injury is if the scalp is lacerated but the cranium is intact.
You treat them by:
1. taking appropriate standard precautions.
2. Consider the possibility of a spine injury.
3. Open and maintain airway.
4. Monitor the unconscious patient for changes in breathing.
5. If indicated, apply a rigid cervical collar and initiate spinal motion restriction. 6.Control bleeding.
7. Keep the patient at rest.
8. Talk to the patient and provide emotional support, dress and bandage open wounds
9. manage the patient for shock.
10. Be prepared for vomiting.
11. Transport patient promptly monitor vital signs every 5 minutes.
The transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact.
Conduction.
Carrying away of heat by currents of air, water, Or other gases or other liquids.
Convection.
Sending out energy such as heat in waves into space.
Radiation.
The change from liquid to gas when the body perspires or gets wet.
Evaporation.
What does a bench steering wheel indicate?
It indicates if a patient suffered a chest or abdominal injury.
A burn that involves only the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. A common example is a sunburn.
Superficial or first degree burn.
A burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering and a molted appearance, also called a second degree burn
Partial thickness burn.
A burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. They are usually areas that are charred, black or areas that are dry and white.
Full thickness burn.
A method for estimating the extent of a burn. The palm and fingers of the patient’s own hand, which make up about 1% of the body’s surface area, are compared with the patient’s burn to estimate its size.
Rule of Palm.
steps for controlling bleeding
1.Ensure Scene is safe
2.Use proper PPE
3.determine how aggressive to be with bleeding control
4. If bleeding is massive, make it your first priority. If not, continue through the airway and breathing steps.
5. Treat for Bleeding using direct pressure hemostatic agents wound packing tourniquet use on extremities or specialized compression devices for junctional bleeding.
Hypoperfusion caused by a spinal cord injury that results a systemic vasodilation
Neurogenic shock
increased work of breathing a sensation of shortness of breath
respiratory distress
fluid build up in the lungs
Pulmonary Edema
A brain injury or another medical condition that can cause growing pressure inside your skull
Increased Intercranial Pressure ICP
Blockage of blood supply to organs caused by bubbles in an artery
arterial gas embolism aka air embolism
as a scuba diver descends pressure increases causing nitrogen to be absorbed in the body’s tissues what is this called
decompression sickness or the bends Think 47 meters now when Mandy Moore started having dizziness and vertigo and she was like hallucinating and **
Bruise of the heart muscle
myocardial contusion
