exam 5 Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
States vs traits
A
States - short term, reactions
Traits - long term, emotions, behaviors
2
Q
Free association
A
Given prompt, free range to say anything and everything that comes to mind
3
Q
Self concept
A
All thoughts and feelings tied to the question of “who am i?”
4
Q
Individualism
A
Trusting and acting on own feelings, true to oneself, being self fulfilled
5
Q
Person-situation controversy
A
Whether personal traits or situational context is more important in deciding behavior
6
Q
Narcissism
A
Inflated sense of importance
7
Q
Physiognomy
A
Belief that physicality is indicative of personality
8
Q
Four humors
A
different personalities are caused by varying levels of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
9
Q
Psychoanalytic
A
idea that unconscious is the key to human psychology
10
Q
Preconscious
A
Not currently aware of it but can be accessed
11
Q
Id
A
first to develop, devil on your shoulder, encouraging you to do whatever you want
12
Q
Ego
A
Part of yourself that interacts with the world
13
Q
Superego
A
Part of self concerned with rules and expectations, morality/cultural norms
14
Q
Oral
A
0-18 months, fixation on mouth, feeding and suckling to soothe, needy as an adult
15
Q
Anal
A
18-36 months, fixation of bladder/bowels, potty training. anxious as an adult
16
Q
Phallic
A
3-6 years, difference between sexes, oedipal and electra complexes, solidity of gender identity, penis envy
17
Q
Latency
A
6-puberty, repress sexual interest or feelings
18
Q
Genital
A
puberty onward, enact sexual desires by creating romantic relationships
19
Q
Regression
A
When things go bad, you regress to an earlier psychosexual phase
20
Q
Denial
A
The way you deal with disagreement with reality is ignoring it
21
Q
Projection
A
Take feelings you don’t want to be feeling and putting it onto someone else
22
Q
Displacement/sublimation
A
Take feelings out on different person than the one who caused it
23
Q
Reaction formation
A
Internalize opposite of feeling
24
Q
Rationalization
A
Come up with socially acceptable excuses for inappropriate behavior
25
Correction of Freud - Development
Infants don't have neural abilities for fixation, development doesn't stop at puberty, gender identity can manifest earlier than phallic stage
26
Correction of Freud - Dreams
Dreams are impacted by consciousness not unconscious
27
Correction of Freud - Defense mechanisms
More focused on serving biases and self esteem rather than easing unconscious urge
28
Correction of Freud - Repression
Uncovered memories that were repressed are false memories influenced by suggestion
29
Correction of Freud - Falsifiability
Freud created theory impossible to test or prove wrong
30
Correction of Freud - Trajectory
His ideas deal with past, most psychology pertains to present and future
31
Correction of Freud - Sexism
His ideas center around women being lesser
32
Jung analytical theory - Unconscious
Personal and collective (ancestral)
33
Ancestral memory archetype
Anima/animus - opposite gendered internal perspective
Shadow - life/death instincts
Persona - defense mechanisms
34
Big five
Conscientiousness, Agreeability, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, Extraversion
35
Maturity principle
As you age you become more C, A and less N
36
Brain structure and big 5
Larger frontal lobe - higher C
More N - feel stress more intensely
37
Big 5 prediction
Higher C, A predict workplace success
E predicts use of personal pronouns
38
Rogers' person centered theory
-from professional to patient for self growth and change
Acceptance, Genuineness, and Empathy
39
Eysenck's dimensional theory
matrix of personality with neuroticism and extraversion as axes
40
Allport's trait types
4500 originally
Cardinal - rules and behaviors on how you approach situations
Central - traits that are found in everyone
Secondary - context specific
41
Projective tests
asked to respond to ambiguous stimuli, thematic apperception test, human figure drawings
42
Personality inventories
long questionnaires, MMPI
43
Youyou, Kosinski, Stillwell 2015
facebook behaviors are predictive of big 5
44
Comorbidity
two psychological disorders that occur at the same time
45
Lifetime prevalence rate
how likely someone is to develop a psychologic disorder, 50-75%
46
Etiology
apparent cause and developmental history of a disorder
47
Epidemiology
Study of disorder occurrence in a population
48
Insanity defense
rare, confess to doing something while not in right mind, insane is a legal term, not psychological
49
Violence rates
mental disorders do not contribute to violence and crime rates, 10x more likely to be victim of a crime
50
Aspects of abnormal behavior
Deviance from normal, maladaptive, personal distress
51
DSM 5
Every disorder is listed with recognized symptoms and requirements for diagnosis, spectrum disorders
52
Neurodevelopmental disorders
prominent or required to develop in childhood, intellectual, learning disorders, ADHD and autism
53
Major depressive disorder
7% prevalence, first occurrence before 40, 5 or 6 episodes across life, last 6 months to a year
54
Persistent depressive disorder
longer lasting but more mild than major depressive disorder
55
Anhedonia
inability to feel joy
56
Helplessness theory
attributions made by depressed people
Internal, stable, global - everything is always my fault
57
Depressive realism
depressed people are a bit more correct about the world around them
58
Bipolar
1 - more intense and longer
2 - less severe mania, similar depress, shorter
Cyclothymia - less severe
59
Mania
week long, hypomania 4 days more intense
60
DIGFAST
mania symptoms
Distractibility, Indiscretion, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity increase, Sleepless, Talkativeness
61
Heritability of mental disorders
High in bipolar and schizophrenia
62
Anxiety
strong negative emotions and physical apprehension, disorders affect ~1.9%
63
Generalized anxiety disorder
Unending sense of dread, non specific
64
OCD
uncontrollable compulsions, intrusive thoughts
65
Body dysmorphic disorder
anxiety tied to body image, changes in body dont change mind
66
PTSD
hypervigilance, reliving of traumatic event
67
Disordered cognition
Misinterpreting harmless situations, hyper focusing on perceived threats, selective recall
68
Anterior cingulate cortex and mental disorders
detects errors in behavior, overactivity can develop anxiety
69
Learning and anxiety
developed from bad experience, kids picking up on parents phobias, kids in authoritarian households can develop phobias
70
GABA and anxiety
inhibitory neurotransmitter, anxiety caused by deficit in GABA
71
Schizophrenia
1%, hallucinations (mostly auditory), delusion, catatonia, too much dopamine, acute vs chronic
72
Schizophrenia voices
Western cultures - more negative voices
African cultures - more positive voices
73
Odd-eccentric personality disorder cluster
feeling different from other, have trouble relating to others
74
Schizoid
Odd-eccentric, lack of interest in relationships, dont react much to stimuli
75
Anxious-fearful personality disorder cluster
unnecessary restrictions in behavior to deal with high levels of anxiety
76
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Anxious fearful, compulsions often without obsessions, dont think theyre irrational
77
dramatic-emotional/erratic
attention seeking and impulsive behaviors
78
Borderline
dramatic emotional, hard time regulating emotions, maintaining relationships, inconsistent self image
79
Antisocial
dramatic emotional, dont care about social norms or expectations, quick temper
80
Somatic disorders
disorders of bodily awareness
81
Illness anxiety disorders
Somatic disorder, constantly checking themselves for symptoms of any disorder
82
Factitious disorder
Somatic disorder, make people think you are sick for attention, patient role
83
Factitious disorder imposed on another
Somatic disorder, make people think someone is sick for attention, caregiver role
84
Dissociative identity disorder
multiple identities within a person, report lack of identity when other personalities take over
85
Dissociative amnesia
forget details or information about a specific event, often frightening or traumatic
86
Dissociative fugue
sudden unexpected travel to a new place with no memory of how they got there, sometimes new identity
87
Racial differences in suicide
-higher rates in white and native
-lower rates in black, hispanic, asian
88
Geographic differences in suicide
-lower in germany, england, spain
-higher in us, canada, australia
-high rates in rural than densly populated
89
Gender differences in suicide
Women more likely to attempt, men more likely to die
90
Age differences in suicide
-highest rate is for 85+
-second highest 75-84 and 25-34
91
Etc differences in suicide
-higher among rich, nonreligious, unmarried
-LGBT higher without familial support
-alcohol abuse higher rates
92
Temporal differences in suicide
-25% occur on wednesdays
-april and may have highest rates
93
Exposure to suicide
-people who experienced loss are more likely to die by suicide
-men with coworkers who die from suicide more likely to do so
94
Anna O & Josef Breuer
-patient and clinician
-first psychiatric patient
-hysteria (meningitis)
95
Dorothea Dix
activist for treatment of people in psychiatric hospitals
96
Brodmann's area 25
overactive in depressed brain, can be calmed in deep brain stimulations
97
PsyD
focused on clinical practice and counseling
98
incongruence
difference between self concept and reality
99
ecological momentary assessments
using technology to assess mood for therapy
100
insight therapies
if you can give patient insight to psychological processes, they can make positive changes
101
Active listening
therapist echoing, restating, or seeking clarification to fully understand patient and let them known they are fully listening and processing
102
Socratic method
pose a question to patient to show them lack of logic in their thinking, helpful for depressogenic thinking
103
Depressogenic thinking
thinking that facilitates depression
104
Cognitive restructing
take irrational thoughts or beliefs and replacing them with more rational thoughts
104
Mindfulness based cognitive theory
combines CBT with mindfulness and meditation, approaching cognitive processes without judgement
104
Rational emotive behavioral therapy
therapist is direct in disagreement with clients thought processes
105
Cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitions affect behaviors, behaviors affect emotions, emotions affect cognition, positive change in one helps others
106
Applied behavioral analysis
changes in behaviors will lead to changes in cognition
107
Flooding
flood patient with triggers of phobia
108
Systematic desensitization
same goal as flooding, more gradual, address specific aspects of anxiety one by one
109
Social skills training
autism or social anxiety, learn how to feel comfortable in social situations, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, shaping
110
Unconditional positive regard
therapist makes the patient feel accepted as a person of value despite bad actions or thoughts
111
Stress inoculation training
teaching patient to restructure thinking during stressful times
112
Technology in therapy
Virtual reality - systematic desensitization and social skills training
Apps - mindfulness and coping with stress
113
Group therapy
in a group with similar experiences, learning and getting therapy from other group members
114
Therapeutic analysis
therapist is there to give objective perspective on issue
115
Providing emotional support/empathy
having someone to give emotional support if they dont have it
116
Hope and positive expectation
looking to create change in your life, therapists give hope for positive change
117
Rationale
help recenter thoughts around rationality, point out when being irrational
118
Opportunity for expression
give a safe space to say things they could never admit
119
Barriers to therapy
insurance, cost concerns, time concerns, stigma
120
SSRIs
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, keep serotonin around so brain can collect it, newest and most prescribed
121
Tricyclic meds
serotonin and norepinephrine
122
MAOI
oldest and least prescribed, affects many neurotransmitters, many side effects
123
Treatment time in antidepressants
takes 4 weeks to see decrease in symptoms
124
Antidepressant side effect
increase suicide risk for first month because no change
125
Anti psychotics
work better for positive symptoms, low adherence, tardive dyskinesia (too little dopamine)
126
Lithium
first mood stabilizer, toxic buildup side effect
127
Electroconvulsive therapy
outpatient procedure, drug resistant depression, memory loss as side effect
128
Compensation
Adlers description of an unconscious reaction people have to cover up their weaknesses and sense of inferiority by striving for superiority
129
inter-rater reliability
how much agreement when using two or more raters to rate personality
130
quantitative trait loci approach
a technique in behavioral genetics that looks for the location on genes that might be associated with particular behaviors
131
joint attention
the ability to make eye contact with others and to look in the same direction that someone else is looking
132
dialectical behavior therapy
treatment that integrates elements of cbt with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation, borderline
133
Optogenetics
treatment that uses a combination of light stimulation and genetics to manipulate the activity of individual neurons
