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VM753 Clin Sci IV > Exam 5 - Livestock > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Livestock Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Explain why no single herd vaccination program will work for all cattle

A

Different management styles and production systems will mean different exposures and varying risk factors

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2
Q

Provide reasons why vaccinated cattle can still develop disease

A

stress
vaccine type used
not following label
maternal ab interference

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3
Q

extra-label vx in livestock are only under certain conditions under the _____ and what are the conditions?

A

AMDUCA
dose, freq, booster, safety and efficacy not established
extended withdrawal times
veterinary products

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4
Q

vaccine recommendation in small ruminants:
core vx?
don’t vx within __ days of slaughter?

A

clostridium perfrigens C& D + Tetanus
21 days

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5
Q

why should vx be given SQ in sheep/goats?

A

meat quality assurance

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6
Q

risk factors of C. perfrigens and tetanus?

A

high grain diet
cx, tail docking
wounds

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7
Q

when should you vaccine breeding does/ewes?

A

q 6-12 months
vx 3-4 wks prior to parturition to increase colostral ab

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8
Q

when to vx kids/lambs from vx dams

A

9-12 wks of age
booster 3-4 wks later

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9
Q

when to vx kids/lambs from unvaccinated dam or possible/known FPT

A

1-3 wks of age
3-4 wks later booster
4 weeks later booster again

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10
Q

when should you vx sheep/goats for CL?

A

only on farms with endemic disease

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11
Q

when should you vx sheep/goats for contagious ecthyma? how do you give it?

A

only in herds with endemic disease or newly introduced
topical

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12
Q

vaccine recommendation in camelids

A

all extra-labeled
CDT, rabies +/- WNV

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13
Q

vaccine recommendation in pet pigs

A

erysipelas
rabies
leptospirosis
tetanus

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14
Q

Describe the difference between BVDV biotype and genotype

A

noncytopathic biotype is the predominant one transmitted naturally (PI)

BVDV Type I has both cytopathic and non-cytopathic

BVDV Type II has both cytopathic and non-cytopathic - noncytopathic causes thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

Compare and contrast acute (transient) BVDV infection, persistent BVDV infection, and mucosal disease

A

acute - naive animals exposed, mostly subclinical, can be immunosuppressed

PI - non-cytopathic infection during 30-125 days of gestation, clinically normal but weak/poor/immunosuppressed, extreme shedders

mucosal disease - spontaneous mutation in young PI animals = severe erosions/ulcers

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16
Q

to be persistently infected, cow must be infected with BVDV during what days of gestation

A

30-125 days

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17
Q

congenital defects can occur if the cow is infected with BVDV during what days of gestation

A

80-180 days

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18
Q

List diagnostic tests that can be used to identify acute (transient) infection and persistent BVDV infection

A

acute - VI, PCR, IHC, serology

PI - ear notch antigen capture ELISA or IHC

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19
Q

Outline testing strategies and management practices for a comprehensive BVDV control program in cattle

A

testing - herd screening via serology

management - eliminate the source, test, quarantine and vaccinate

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20
Q

List common bacterial and viral diseases that infect multiple organ systems in cattle

A

Bacterial:
Histophilus
Leptospirosis
Mycoplasma bovis
Viral:
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Bluetongue
Rinderpest
Foot and Mouth Disease

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21
Q

Histophilus somni
clinical signs of disease:
diagnostic:

A

clinical signs:
Respiratory (bronchopneumonia, pleuritis), Otitis media, TME, septic arthritis, myocarditis
diagnostic:
culture

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22
Q

Histophilus somni treatment

A

oxytet, florfenicol, ceftiofur

tetracyclines in feed for control

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23
Q

Leptospirosis
clinical signs of disease (host adapted (L.hardjo) vs nonhost adapted (L. pomona & L. icterohaemorrhagiae)):
diagnostic:

A

clinical signs:
non-host adapted: severe hemolytic anemia, nephritis, abortion, mastitis
host adapted: low grade dz, chronic, subclinical, abortion
diagnostic:
MAT, FA, culture, PCR

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24
Q

Lepto treatment

A

oxytet, ceftiofur

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25
Mycoplasma bovis clinical signs of disease: diagnostic:
clinical signs: respiratory, mastitis, otitis media, arthritis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis diagnostic: PCR, culture difficult
26
Mycoplasma bovis treatment
tulathromycin, florfenicol no beta lactams bc no cell wall
27
Malignant Catarrhal Fever clinical signs of disease: diagnostic: treatment:
clinical signs: erosions, panophthalmitis, resp, hematuria, enlarged LN and lameness diagnostic: OHV-2 PCR treatment: none
28
Bluetongue clinical signs of disease in cattle: diagnostic: treatment:
clinical signs: asymptomatic, fever, laminitis, oral lesions, reproductive diagnostic: AGID, ELISA, PCR, VI treatment: supportive, antimicrobial
29
Rinderpest clinical syndromes
clinical signs: lymphoid, alimentary, mm, lungs, leuokopenia
30
Foot and Mouth Disease clinical signs of disease:
clinical signs: epidermal tissue, oral/feet/mammary lesions
31
Identify the 3 main categorizes of anemia in cattle
1. inadequate production 2. hemolytic disease 3. blood loss
32
Identify the causes of hemolytic anemia in cattle 8 intravascular causes 2 extravascular causes
Intravascular: Babesia Cu tox (sheep) Bacillary hemoglobinuria Heinz bodies immune lepto post parturient hemoglobinuria water intoxication Extravascular: Anaplasma Mycoplasma
33
Compare and differentiate between extravascular and intravascular hemolytic diseases in cattle
IV = hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria EV = NO hemoglobinuria, can have icterus/jaundice
34
what is known as texas fever, cattle tick fever or piroplasmosis and is spread by the rhipicephalus tick?
Babesia
35
a sheep on necropsy has a yellow friable liver and gunmetal kidneys, what does it have?
Cu toxicity
36
what causes bacillary hemoglobinuria? treatment? control?
Clostridium haemolyticum (C. novyi type D) spores tx: hard - can try penicillin control: 8-way vx, anthelmintics, snail control
37
do host adapted or non-host adapted lepto serovars cause hemolytic disease?
non-host adapted (L. pomona and L. icterohaemorrhagiae)
38
what causes postparturient hemoglobinuria? dairy or beef cattle? treatment?
low phosphorus <3 dairy cattle fleet edema diluted IV
39
Anaplasma range of signs: diagnosis: treatment:
calves - mild adults - acute, severe blood smear, PCR, serology oxytet
40
Mycoplasma wenyonii (cattle) clinical signs: diagnosis: treatment:
subclinical common, young adult heifers get edema, anemia, fever blood smear oxytet
41
plants that cause heinz body anemia?
onion, rape, kale
42
plant that causes thrombocytopenia/pancytopenia in cattle?
bracken fern
43
plant that causes clotting defects in cattle?
moldy sweet clover
44
Compare and contrast sporadic lymphosarcoma from enzootic lymphosarcoma in cattle
sporadic: non-infectious, no BLV association, young cattle, rare enzootic: infectious, BLV associated, common, adults
45
Identify the cause of enzootic lymphosarcoma in cattle and describe how to confirm infection
bovine leukemia virus serology for infection, PCR proviral load to assess threat of spread
46
3 types of sporadic lymphosarcoma
juvenile thymic cutaneous
47
3 types of enzootic lymphosarcoma
asymptomatic (majority) Persistent lymphocytosis lymphosarcoma
48
List methods of transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in cattle
transfer of intact lymphocytes - any secretion (**blood**, milk, discharge, semen)
49
List the common tissue sites of enzootic lymphosarcoma in cattle
HULAS heart, uterus, LN, abomasum, spinal cord
50
Identify the cause and clinical signs of anthrax in ruminants.
Bacillus anthracis spores sudden death, hemorrhaging from orifices, no blood clots, absence of rigor mortis
51
Identify the diagnosis, and clinical management of anthrax in ruminant livestock
blood smear, culture/cytology oxytet, penicillin, prophylactic abx, vaccine
52
Identify the cause and clinical signs of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis chronic, internal/external abscess, enlarged LN, weight loss, resp disease
53
Identify the diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants
culture/gram stain serology for herd
54
Describe the mechanisms of colostrum antibody production and absorption
1. secretion of IgG from maternal serum to colostrum is active, selective and receptor mediated, occurs 4-6wk prepartum 2. absorption of colostrum IgG from calf gut to system is non-selective, non-receptor mediated, due to M cells and pinocytosis and occurs first 24hrs
55
Describe the requirements for successful passive transfer of colostral antibodies
1. adequate IgG concentration 2. adequate mass ingested 3. timely absorption 4. colostrum hygiene
56
List guidelines to ensure adequate colostrum consumption - quantity?
4 quarts within 1-2 hrs
57
serum IgG guideline for neonate
> 18 g/L
58
serum total protein guideline for neonate
> 5.8 g/dl
59
Brix refractometer guideline for neonate
>8.9%
60
Colostrum Goals for serum IgG and Brix refractometer?
> 50g/L >22%
61
Cause of weak/dummy neonate? Describe how to manage/treat a weak/dummy neonate
perinatal hypoxia
62
Explain the causes of neonatal enteritis and differences between agents and their disease effects
calf scours due to rotavirus, coronavirus and cryptosporidium -- cause dehydration inflam enteritis due to E.coli, salmonella, clostridial enteritis -- cause tissue inflam/damage
63
Describe how to treat neonatal enteritis
viral/protozoal - fluid therapy, adjunctive, abx limited efficacy bacterial - fluid therapy, parenteral abx (broad spectrum, penicillin for clostridium), adjunctive
64
Explain the signs commonly associated with neonatal septicemia
injected sclera/mm, cold extremities, left shift neutropenia, hypoglycemia, increase fibrinogen, depression w/o severe diarrhea
65
Explain why neonates get secondary bloat and list treatments for secondary bloat and its sequelae
secondary to bronchopneumonia fix primary problem & intermittent tubing or temp rumen fistula/trochar
66
Describe the pathophysiology of rumen putrefaction
tubing of milk, overeating, esophageal groove dysfunction, milk accumulates in rumen = abnormal fermentation
67
Describe the clinical signs of rumen putrefaction
recurrent bloat poor growth diarrhea rough hair coat
68
treatment of rumen putrefaction
rumen lavage oral tetracycline or penicillin rumen fluid transfaunation change feed

VM753 Clin Sci IV (12 decks)

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