Exam 5 Material

Question 0

____ is what you get when you have the oxidation of a polyhydroxy alcohol

Answer 0

Carbohydrates

Question 1

____ are defined as derivatives of polyhydric alcohols containing an aldehyde or a ketone group.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

SUGARS mostly, starches, cellulose and glycogen are the class of compounds we often identify with ____

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

In naming ____ we use the suffix “-ose”

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Carbohydrates containing an aldehyde functional group are called the ____

Answer 4

Aldoses

Question 5

Carbohydrates with a ketone group are called ____.

Answer 5

Ketoses

Question 6

____ are composed of ONLY 3 elements which are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

____ are the simplest of the carbohydrates which are the “simple sugars” the provide about 4 calories per gram and are an excellent source of energy.

Answer 7

Monosaccharides

Question 8

Monosaccharides with 3 carbons are named ____

Answer 8

Triose

Question 9

Monosaccharides with 4 carbons are named ____

Answer 9

Tetrose

Question 10

Monosaccharides with 5 carbons are named ____.

Answer 10

Pentose

Question 11

Monosaccharides with 6 carbons are named ____.

Answer 11

Hexose

Question 12

Monosaccharides of the greatest significance to the body are the ____ monosaccharides

Answer 12

Hexose

Question 13

C6 H12 O6 is the molecular formula for ____

Answer 13

Monosaccharides

Question 14

____ is an aldose which has several alternate names three of which are “dextrose”, “grape sugar”, and “blood sugar.” Its importance to the body is its presence in the ____.

Answer 14

Glucose

Blood

Question 15

____ is derived from lactose (“milk sugar”) and is another aldose important to the body because it is found in the make-up of the ____ and ____.

Answer 15

Galactose

Brain

Nerve tissue

Question 16

____ is a ketose known as “levulose” or “fruit sugar”; the sweetest of all sugars (2x’s as sweet as glucose or table sugar) and found in many fruits.

Answer 16

Fructose

Question 17

____ are derived from the hexose monosaccharides containing two saccharide groups and are the equivalent of dehydrating between 2 monosaccharides

Answer 17

Disaccharides

Question 18

C12 H22 O11 is the molecular formula for ____.

Answer 18

Disaccharides

Question 19

The disaccharides which contain the hexose monosaccharides are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 19

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

Question 20

____ is formed from the dehydration between a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose

AKA:
“Table Sugar”
“Cane Sugar”

Answer 20

Sucrose

Question 21

____ is formed by dehydrating between two glucose molcules which may be hydrolyzed to yield two molecules of glucose.

AKA:
“Malt Sugar”

Answer 21

Maltose

Question 22

____ is formed by the dehydrating between a molecule of glucose and a molecule of galactose; may be hydrolyzed to yield glucose and galactose

AKA:
“Milk Sugar”

Answer 22

Lactose

Question 23

____ are the more complex sugars and will have many saccharide groups, and may be hydrolyzed repeatedly to eventually yield a monosaccharides

Includes:
Starches
Cellulose
Glycogen

Answer 23

Polysaccharides

Question 24

The most important ____ to humans; and are found in plants such as tubers or grains; their complete hydrolysis yields monosaccahrides

Answer 24

Polysaccahrides

Question 25

_____ occurs as a stored polysaccharide in the liver of man and other animals.

Answer 25

Glycogen

Question 26

____ occurs in the make up of may plants and IS NOT digestible by the human digestive tract so it serves only as a bulking agent (such as fiber) in our diets

Answer 26

Cellulose

Question 27

Highly specialized types of proteins are ____

Answer 27

Enzymes

Question 28

Enzymes function primarily as a ____

Answer 28

Catalyst

Question 29

Agents which may altar chemical reactions without itself being permanently changed is the definition of ____.

Answer 29

Catalyts

Question 30

Enzymes are said to be ____ specific.

Answer 30

Substrate

Question 31

When you name a(n) _____ you do so by adding the suffix "-ase"

Answer 31

Enzyme

Question 32

____ is an enzyme which breakdown proteins

Answer 32

Protesses

Question 33

____ is an enzyme which breakdown lipids

Answer 33

Liposes

Question 34

Those enzymes catalyzing the decomposition of human remains are generally ____ (dissolved proteins) and ____ (mediates hydrolysis reactions) in nature

Answer 34

Proteolytic Hydrolytic

Question 35

The two distinct sources of putrefactive catalysts are ____ and ____

Answer 35

Saprophytic Bacteria Lysosomes (bactericidal cells)

Question 36

A unique characteristics of lysosomes are their ability to digest surrounding cellular substances. This self-cell digestion is referred to ____.

Answer 36

Autolysis

Question 37

____ is the branch of chemistry that deals with compounds of living systems

Answer 37

Biochemistry

Question 38

Proteins are biochemical compounds of major importance; defined as _____ (long chains) of many amino acids

Answer 38

Polymers

Question 39

_____ is a sugar derived from an aldehyde

Answer 39

Aldose

Question 40

____ is a sugar derived from a ketone

Answer 40

Ketose

Question 41

____ are the building blocks of proteins.

Answer 41

Amino Acids

Question 42

The simplest amino acid is _____

Answer 42

Glycene

Question 43

All amino acids have both the ____ group and the ____ group; therefore they, too, may act as both acids and bases

Answer 43

Carboxyl Amino

Question 44

____ is the ability of a substance to act as either an acid or base

Answer 44

Amphoteric

Question 45

Chemicals that ensure that regardless what the pH was at the time of embalming, the pH will NOT affect the embalming operation is te definition of ____ such as borax.

Answer 45

Buffers

Question 46

By definition a protein is a chain of amino acids joined by the ____ or _____.

Answer 46

Peptide Linkage Peptide Bond

Question 47

Glycene and alaine can be joined to each other by the elimination of one molecule of water to form a _____.

Answer 47

Di Peptide

Question 48

Amino acids are linked together by peptide linkages, a ____ is formed by joining two amino acids together

Answer 48

Dipeptide

Question 49

____ of a peptide linkage can never exist by itself in nature

Answer 49

Imino

Question 50

____ of carbohydrates is the anaerobic breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms into simpler products releasing carbon dioxide

Answer 50

Fermentation

Question 51

____ may also be defined as the oxidative decomposition of complex substances through the action of enzymes, produced by microorganisms

Answer 51

Fermentation

Question 52

____ are defined substances able to yield fatty acids when hydrolyzed

Answer 52

Lipids

Question 53

____ are made when alcohol combines with fatty acids, and are insoluble in water

Answer 53

Lipids

Question 54

Simple lipids are an ____ of fatty acids which when hydrolyzed will yield fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 54

Ester

Question 55

____ are fatty acids that are all the same.

Answer 55

Simple Glycerides

Question 56

____ contain more than one type of fatty acid

Answer 56

Mixed Glycerides

Question 57

____ only contain ONE molecule of fatty acids

Answer 57

Monoglycerides

Question 58

____ contain TWO molecules of fatty acids

Answer 58

Diglycerides

Question 59

____ contain THREE molecules of fatty acids

Answer 59

Triglycerides

Question 60

____ is a fat... plain and simple

Answer 60

Glyceride

Question 61

____ is defined as the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or an oil to produce "SOAP" and glycerol (glycerine)

Answer 61

Saponification

Question 62

____ is the result of the saponification of fatty acids in the dead human body by alkaline substances in the water or earth surrounding the grave; refered to as "grave wax"

Answer 62

Adipocere

Question 63

_____ is defined as the substance besides glycerol produced when saponification of a fat/oil occurs

Answer 63

Soap

Question 64

____ is a mixture of two liquids which do not ordinarily mix (like oil and water) to which you add soap to cause them to mix

Answer 64

Emulsion

Question 65

____ refers to the process of creating an emulsion by adding soap

Answer 65

Emulsification

Question 66

____ are lipids that are esters of fatty acids and HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT alcohols, other than glycerol

Answer 66

Waxes

Question 67

The monosaccharides studied in the textbook are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 67

Glucose Fructose Galactose

Question 68

The disaccharides studied in the textbook are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 68

Sucrose Maltose Lactose

Question 69

The polysaccharides studied in the textbook are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 69

Starches Cellulose Glycogen