Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Semester 1 Chem, Biochem, and Nutrition > Exam 5 Review > Flashcards

Exam 5 Review Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the protein for the digestive system?

A

amylase lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many mg/100mL are present of amylase lipase in the digestive system?

A

50 mg/100mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of amylase lipase in the digestive system?

A

hydrolyzes 1,4 glycosidic bonds active at a low pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What protein is present when the pellicle forms?

A

proline-rich proteins, statherin, cystatins, and histatins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many mg/100mL of proline-rich proteins are evident when the pellice is forming?

A

50 mg/100mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of proline-rich proteins when the pellicle forms?

A

inhibit crystal initiation and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many mg/100mL of statherin is present when the pellicle forms?

A

10 mg/100mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of statherin when the pellicle forms?

A

similar to PRPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of cystatins when the pellicle forms?

A

protease inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of histatins when the pellicle forms?

A

bacteriostatic; antifungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ways that saliva protects the teeth?

A

neutralizing acids
flushing out food and bacteria
acts as a lubricant
forming pellicle on the tooth surface
remineralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the pellicle become upon bacterial colonization?

A

plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does carbohydrate cause?

A

acidification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is acidification reversed by?

A

saliva components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does exposure time and pH change depend on?

A

plaque type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If saliva is not present, what are some things that can happen to the oral cavity?

A

s. mutans
caries
abrasion and erosion
plaque accumulation
gingival inflammation
candida
oral ulceration
taste acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is saliva secretion low?

A

during sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lactoferrin avidly binds iron to produce what?

A

nutritional immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secretory IgA is predominant _______ in whole saliva.

A

immunoglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lysozyme is an antibacterial action via cell ______.

A

lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is another name for histidine-rich proteins?

A

histatins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Are histidine-rich proteins acidic, basic, or neutral?

A

neutral or basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What has antibacterial and antifungal activity?

A

histidine-rich proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does histidine-rich proteins inhibit?

A

spontaneous calcium precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Are histatins continuously secreted?
yes
25
What is a hydrophilic, asymmetrical compound?
mucin
26
Mucin is very resistant to ________.
proteolysis
27
What does mucin protect against?
dehydration and mechanical insult
28
Which product is an effective lubricant that aggregates bacteria?
mucin
29
What product inhibits bacterial adhesion?
mucin
30
What is it called when calcium builds up in places where it does not usually appear?
calcification
31
Where are two places that calcium appears?
coronary arteries or brain
32
What are physiological places that mineralization/calcification can occur?
bone tooth cartilage
33
What are a few pathological places that mineralization/calcification can occur?
blood vessels brain kidney stones dental pulp stones dental plaques atheroscleoretic arteries and veins damaged cardiac valves
34
What tissue is 95% inorganic, 1% organic, and 4% H2O
enamel
35
What tissue is 70% inorganic, 20% organic, and 10% H2O
dentin
36
What tissue is 60% inorganic, 25% organic, and 15% H2O
bone
37
What tissue is 84% inorganic, 10% organic, and 6% H2O
calculus
38
What is the mineral content order?
enamel, dentin, bone
39
What is the formula for hydroxyapatite?
Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6
40
the organized deposition of calcium and phosphate in an organic matrix
calcification
41
the process by which tissues transport, concentrate and form crystals of calcium phosphate in membranous structures called matrix vesicles
primary calcification
42
mineralization outside of matrix vesicles
secondary calcification
43
a "microenvironment" to facilitate calcification
matrix vesicles
44
Ca/P ratio
1.67
45
What is one of the most attractive materials for human hard tissue implants because it closely resembles to the bone and teeth
hydroxyapatite
46
What elements can be used to coat brittle HA making it more mechanical resistant?
titanium or titanium alloy
47
What does HA dissolve in?
body fluids when its crystal growth is low
48
What reveals a poor biocompatibility?
amorphous hydroxyapatite
49
What are the basic requirements for calcification?
source of calcium and phosphate facilitators/promoters fluorides type 1 collagen
50
serve as templates for hydroxyapatite crystal formation
facilitators/promoters
51
What is the name for carboxyglutamate protein?
osteocalcin
52
What is osteocalcin secreted by?
osteoblasts
53
What is osteonectin?
a glycoprotein
54
prevent or delay the transformation of amorphous CaPO4 to hydroxyapatite
inhibitors/stabilizers
55
What are the two types of nutrients?
macronutrients and micronutrients
56
Are macronutrients required in small or large amounts?
large
57
Are proteins, fats, and carbohydrates macro or micro nutrients?
macronutrients
58
What are macronutrients needed for?
energy production
59
Are micronutrients required in small or large amounts?
small
60
Are vitamins and minerals macro or micro nutrients?
micronutrients
61
What percent of energy do carbohydrates give you?
50%
62
What percent of energy do fats give you?
20-30%
63
What percent of energy do proteins give you?
12-15%
64
What are the functions of nutrients?
essential for one or more of the 8 functions of life is not synthesized or synthesized adequately in the body if deficient, a recognizable loss of function if deficient, reversible by specific nutrient
65
What is the consequence of lacking proteins?
reduced growth
66
What is the consequence of lacking iron?
anaemia
67
What is the consequence of lacking vitamin d?
reduced bone development in infants
68
What is the consequence of lacking calcium?
osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture
69
What is the consequence of having too much macronutrients?
obesity
70
What is the consequence of having too much sugar?
dental caries
71
What is the consequence of having too much saturated fats?
heart disease
72
What is the consequence of having too much sodium?
high blood pressure
73
What vitamins are water soluble?
thiamin (b1) riboflavin (b2) niacin (b3) pantothenic acid biotin pyridoxine (b6) folate cobalamin (b12) ascorbic acid (c)
74
What vitamins are fat soluble?
vitamin a, e, d, and k
75
What is the classical disease called associated with thiamin b1?
beriberi
76
Heavy alcohol use can inhibit the body's ability to absorb what?
thiamine
77
What is thiamin b1 important for?
energy metabolism
78
What are the symptoms of being thiamin b1 deficient?
headaches, fatigue, restlessness, edema, heart failure, and polyneuritis
79
What is niacin b3 synthesized from?
tryptophan
80
What is pantothentic acid required for?
energy release from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
81
What is biotin a coenzyme for?
purine formation
82
What are the symptoms of being biotin deficient?
painful tongue and glossitis
83
What is pyridoxine b6 primarily involved with?
protein catabolism
84
What are the oral symptoms of being pyridoxine b6 deficient?
glossitis and painful tongue
85
What is folic acid essential for?
nucleic acid and protein metabolism
86
What are the oral symptoms of being folic acid deficient?
gingivitis and increased risk of infections
87
What is cobalamin b12 essential for?
red blood cell formation
88
What does cobalamin b12 deficiency result in?
pernicious anemia
89
What does cobalamin b12 require for absorption?
intrinsic factor
90
What does ascorbic acid deficiency result in?
scurvy (poor wound healing), hemorrhage, bleeding gums, and connective tissue defects
91
What is vitamin a important for?
bone and tooth development
92
What does vitamin a deficiency result in?
night blindness, decrease resistance to infection, impaired healing, candidiasis, and xerostomia
93
Which vitamin plays a role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism?
vitamin d
94
What does being deficient in vitamin d cause?
osteomalacia or rickets in children
95
What is vitamin e?
antioxidant
96
What is a good source of vitamin k?
dark green leafy vegetables
97
What should you think of when you think of vitamin k?
coagulation
98
Major minerals are essential nutrients found in the body in what amounts?
larger than 5 grams
99
Trace minerals are essential nutrients found in the human body in what amounts?
less than 5 grams
100
What is circulating calcium vital for?
nerve transmission muscle contraction maintenance of cell membranes blood clotting enzymes
101
What is phosphorus mostly associated with?
calcium
102
What does reducing sodium intake in some individuals result in?
lowered blood pressure
103
What is a major intracellular electrolyte?
potassium

Semester 1 Chem, Biochem, and Nutrition (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions