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Anatomy > Exam #6 > Flashcards

Exam #6 Flashcards

1
Q

What lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem?

A

diencephalon

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2
Q

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

A

thalamus

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3
Q

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

A

medulla oblongata

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4
Q

What are properties of the limbic system?

A
  • functions in emotions, learning, and memory
  • located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon
  • links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brainstem
  • contains cerebral and diencephalic components
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5
Q

Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include

A

speech, understanding spatial relationships, writing, and mathematical computation

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6
Q

What are functions of the hypothalamus?

A

coordinates day-night cycles of activity/inactivity, controls autonomic centers, secretes hormones, regulates body temperature

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7
Q

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

A

cerebrum

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8
Q

White matter fibers that pass from one gyrus to the adjacent gyrus are called

A

arcuate fibers

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9
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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10
Q

cerebrum is primarily responsible for

A

conscious thought

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11
Q

the pia mater is bound to the brain by

A

astrocytes

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12
Q

in the limbic system,the amygdaloid body is responsible for

A
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13
Q

The limbic system is responsible for

A

memory storage and retrieval, linking conscious thought to unconscious thought, emotional states

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14
Q

T or F. hemispheric lateralization refers to the separation of functions based on anterior/posterior separation of the brain

A

false, separation of right or left

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15
Q

What percent of neural tissue does the brain have

A

97%

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16
Q

average weight of brain

A

3 pounds

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17
Q

3 parts to brainstem

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

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18
Q

neural tube

A

4 weeks of development, Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon, Spinal cord

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19
Q

4 major regions of the brain

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

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20
Q

cerebrum

A

conscious thought, memory storage, sensory processing, biggest part of the brain

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21
Q

diencephalon

A

gateway between lower part and upper part of brain

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22
Q

cerebellum

A

sits at base of skull, balance and control of muscles

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23
Q

how many ventricles in the brain

A

lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, aqueduct of midbrain, fourth ventricle

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24
Q

ventricle defintion

A

chamber filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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25
corpus callosum
white matter that connects the the two hemispheres
26
cranial meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
27
dural folds
Dura mater can help divide into physical sections
28
choroid plexus
ependymal cells and capillaries, produces CSF
29
Arachnoid granulation
arachnoid mater of cranial meninge, CSF gets recycled here
30
medulla oblongata
first gateway, autonomic reflexes and visceral functions
31
pons
communication and attachment for the cerebellum and rest of brain
32
cerebellum
connected to brain by pons, postural muscles and fine tuning conscious and subconscious movements
33
cerebellum parts
vermis, anterior and posterior lobe, folia,
34
purkinje cells
lots of dendrites, in cerebellum
35
midbrain
work with cerebellum for coordination and learn complex motor patterns
36
diencephalon
sits above brain stem. epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus. secretes and regulates hormones
37
epithalamus
hold pineal gland which produces melatonin
38
thalamus
second gateway, recipes visual and auditory info, send signals to midbrain and cerebrum
39
hypothalamus
licking, swallowing, body temp reg, pituitary gland control which is for growth. and controls emotions
40
limbic system
relationship between cerebrum and diencephalon, associate memories with emotions. skateboard example
41
cerebrum components for limbic system
cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus
42
diencephalon components for limbic system
anterior group of thalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, mammillary body
43
lobes of the brain
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
44
frontal lobe
gustatory, olfactory, motor cortex
45
temporal lobe
auditory cortex
46
parietal lobe
sensory cortex
47
occipital lobe
visual cortex
48
sulci
valley in cerebrum
49
gyrus
mountain in cerebrum
50
lateral sulcus
divides frontal and temporal lobe
51
central sulcus
same as coronal suture
52
parieto-occipital sulcus
divides parietal and occipital lobe
53
precentral gyrus
primary motor
54
postcentral gyrus
primary sensory
55
integrative center
deal with complex processes with lots of neurons
56
hemispheric lateralization
Differing of processes based on what hemisphere it’s on
57
left hemisphere
math and logic
58
right hemisphere
sensory info, spatial visualization, artsy
59
white matter
communication between lobes and hemispheres, fast because of myelination
60
same hemisphere communication with white matter
association fibers
61
longitudinal fibers
front to back of same hemisphere
62
arcuate fibers
gyrus to gyrus or sulci to sulci
63
commissural fibers
connecting hemispheres
64
projection fibers
in between lobes
65
I
olfactory, smell
66
I function
sensory
67
II
optic, sight
68
II function
sensory
69
III
oculomotor, moving eye
70
III function
motor
71
IV
trochlear, eye
72
IV function
motor
73
V
trigeminal, face
74
V function
mixed
75
VI
abducens, eye
76
VI function
motor
77
VII
facial
78
VII function
mixed
79
VIII
vestibulocochlear, ear
80
VIII function
sensory
81
IX
glossopharyngeal, tongue and neck
82
IX function
mixed
83
X
vagus, visceral organs
84
X function
mixed
85
XI
accessory, tongue and neck
86
XI function
motor
87
XII
hypoglossal, tongue and neck
88
XII function
motor
89
general senses
temp, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
90
sensation
movement of info being carried by sensory neurons
91
perception
awareness of that sensation
92
4 types of sense receptors
Nociceptors, Thermoreceptors, Chemoreceptors,Mechanoreceptors
93
nociceptors
pain, type A and type C
94
thermoreceptors
temperature
95
chemoreceptors
water and lipids
96
mechanoreceptors
mechanical things, Propioreceptors, Baroreceptors, Tactile receptors
97
Propiorecptors
joints and muscles
98
baroreceptors
pressure
99
tactile receptors
touch, pressure, vibrations
100
adaptation
reduced sensitivity to specific stimuli
101
referred pain
somewhere other than the place that is causing the pain
102
parkinson disease
damage to substantia nigra which is in medulla oblongata
103
rabies
attack on peripheral axons
104
cerebral palsy
damage to motor pathways so you lose voluntary motor control
105
ALS
skeletal muscles get smaller because CNS neurons are destroyed
106
Alzheimer disease
loss of higher order cerebral functions
107
Multiple sclerosis
loss of speech, balance, and motor control because of demyelination of the optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord
108
What neurotransmitter is used in both divisions of the ANS
acetylcholine, pre ganglionic nuerons
109
increased metabolic rate and activation of sweat glands indicate activation of ___ receptors
alpha and beta
110
autonomic nervous system
controls visceral functions
111
3 divisons in ANS
enteric, sympathetic, parasympathetic
112
enteric division
digestion system, 100 million neurons and all the same neurotransmitters
113
sympathetic
fight or flight
114
parasympathetic
rest and digest
115
parasympathetic location
craniosacral, brain stem and sacral
116
sympathetic location
thoracolumnar, thoracic and lumber
117
parasympathetic ganglia location
close to or in target organs
118
sympathetic ganglia location
close to spinal cord
119
sympathetic increases
metal awareness, metabolic rate, respiration rate/dilation of passageways, heart beat/blood pressure, sweat glands, energy reserves
120
sympathetic decreases
digestion and urinary function
121
preganglionic neurons in sympathetic
short, acetylcholine
122
postganglionic neurons in sympathetic
long, norepinephrine, epinephrine
123
preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic
long, acetylcholine
124
postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic
short, acetylcholine
125
parasympathetic increases
salivary secretions, blood flow to digestive system, urination and defecation functions
126
parasympathetic decreases
metabolic rate, heart rate, blood pressure
127
protein receptors for sympathetic
Alpha and beta
128
protein receptors for parasympathetic
Nicotinic and muscarinic
129
sympathetic activation
everything must increase and decrease, all or nothing
130
parasympathetic activation
it can decide what to activate and what to not activate
131
Stimulation/activation of the sympathetic NS is generally which neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
132
enteric NS is part of the ANS, what system does it control?
digestive
133
what visceral receptors depends on organs expanding/contracting?
baroreceptor
134
T or F. autonomic tone is the sporadic level of spontaneous activity in the absence of stimuli
F, should say continuous level of spontaneous activity in the absence of stimuli

Anatomy (8 decks)

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