Exam Questions

Question 1

A cell or organ that sends information to the control center in negative feedback is termed a

Answer 1

receptor

Question 2

While standing erect, the direction of caudal (from the shoulders) is

Answer 2

downward

Question 3

The stage in a cell’s life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called

Answer 3

interphase

Question 4

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

When atoms complete their outer shell by sharing elections, they form

Answer 5

covalent bonds

Question 6

Molecules that store and process genetic information are the

Answer 6

nucleic acids

Question 7

AB –>A + B is to decomposition as A+ B –> AB is to

Answer 7

synthesis

Question 8

The functional units of DNA, that when added together, contain instructions for making one or more proteins are

Answer 8

genes

Question 9

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with

Answer 9

water, causing decomposition

Question 10

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells

Answer 10

steroid hormones

Question 11

Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound except
water, acids, bases, salts, proteins

Answer 11

proteins

Question 12

The process of protein formation directed by mRNA is called

Answer 12

translation

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

Answer 13

the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules

Question 14

If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a _____ feedback system

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

The physical process by which a single animal cell completely separates into two cells is called

Answer 15

Cytokinesis

Question 16

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

• block ion movements
• change the shape of large complex molecules
• rendering them nonfunctional
• disrupt tissue functions

Answer 16

All of the above: block ion movements, change the shape of large complex molecules, rendering them nonfunctional, disrupt tissue functions

Question 17

Chromosomes consist of ___ and ____

Answer 17

DNA and proteins

Question 18

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

Answer 18

UAG

Question 19

When placed in water, an inorganic compound dissociates or dissolves about 50%, releasing H+ ions. This compound would be

Answer 19

a weak acid

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the golgi apparatus is false?

• receives transport vesicles from the RER
• sends transport vesicles to the RER
• produces lysosomes
• supplies new membrane components
• produces secretory vesicles

Answer 20

sends transport vesicles to the RER

Question 21

Each amino acid differs from another in the

Answer 21

nature of the R-side chain

Question 22

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

• bind to ligands
• regulate the passage of water and small solutes
• act as a carrier molecules for various solutes
• act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
• serve as cell nutrients

Answer 22

serve as cell nutrients

Question 23

____ are molecules with two fatty acids chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes

Answer 23

phospholipids

Question 24

If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is

Answer 24

alkaline

Question 25

Ribosomes are synthesized by the

Answer 25

nucleolus

Question 26

The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio is defined as

Answer 26

carbohydrate

Question 27

The hand is ____ to the spinal cord

Answer 27

distal

Question 28

When activated, lysosomes function in

Answer 28

digestion of foreign material

Question 29

Which property of water helps keep joins moving smoothly?

Answer 29

lubrication

Question 30

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradients is called

Answer 30

active transport

Question 31

The weaker bond between two atoms is the ___ bond

Answer 31

hydorgen

Question 32

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

Answer 32

cells with large number of mitochondria have a high energy demand

Question 33

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it

Answer 33

cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months

Question 34

___ is when a vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane and discharges its contents to the extracellular environment

Answer 34

Exocytosis

Question 35

The process of forming mRNA is called

Answer 35

transcription

Question 36

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

Answer 36

diffusion

Question 37

The skin swells during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a ___ fluid

Answer 37

hypotonic

Question 38

All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes, except

• diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• vesicular transport
• osmosis

Answer 38

vesicular transport

Question 39

Cytosine in DNA would pair with the base

Answer 39

guanine

Question 40

A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates

Answer 40

phagocytosis

Question 41

During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has

Answer 41

the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Question 42

Which has the great concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4

Answer 42

A pH of 4 is greater