Exam 6: Muscles and Muscle Function Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
muscul/o; my/o; myos/o
A
muscles
2
Q
fasci/o; fibr/o
A
fascia
fibrous tissue
3
Q
ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o
A
tendons
4
Q
skeletal muscle (movement)
A
involved in voluntary movement
5
Q
myocardial muscle
A
- forms muscular walls of the heart
- provides constant contraction and relaxation causing the heartbeat
- involuntary
6
Q
skeletal muscle (anatomy)
A
- epimysium
- perimysium
- fascicle
- endomysium
7
Q
origin
A
- attached to more stationary bone
- proximal in the body
8
Q
insertion
A
- attached to more moveable bone
- distal in the body
9
Q
important brain structures for function
A
- motor cortex
- pre-motor cortex
- sensory cortex
- basal ganglia
- substantia nigra
- brain stem
- midbrain
- cerebellum
10
Q
Homunculus
A
- hand
- tongue and face
- genitals
11
Q
cerebellum
A
- little brain
- underneath the cerebrum
- affects balance, posture, motor control, vestibular function, and muscle tone
12
Q
types of paralysis
A
- myoparesis
- hemiparesis
- hemiplegia
13
Q
myoparesis
A
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
14
Q
hemiparesis
A
weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body (most common)
15
Q
hemiplegia
A
total paralysis affecting one side of the body
16
Q
paresis
A
weakness; mild paralysis
17
Q
pelagia
A
paralysis
18
Q
muscle tone
A
state of balanced muscle tension allowing normal posture/ movement (resting muscle tone in muscle fibers, muscle tone from CNS)
19
Q
atonic
A
lacking normal muscle tone
20
Q
dystonia
A
impairment of voluntary muscle movement
21
Q
hypotonia
A
diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
22
Q
hypertonia
A
increased tone of the skeletal muscles
23
Q
spasm
A
sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle(s)
24
Q
myoclonus
A
involuntary jerking of muscle(s)
25
bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
26
dyskinesia
impairment of voluntary movement
27
hyperkinesia
abnormal increased muscle function or activity
28
dysarthria
abnormal use of muscles for speech and eating
29
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
30
corticospinal tract
from the brain (motor areas) to spinal cord and crosses to contralateral in the brain stem
31
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body
32
quadriplegia (tetraplegia)
paralysis of all four extremities
33
irritability
the ability of the muscle to respond to a stimulus, either internal or external
34
contraction
tightening of a muscle causing it to become shorter and thicker
35
relaxation
returning to original form, muscle becomes longer and thinner
36
contracture
- permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin
- elastic connective tissues get replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
37
cerebral palsy (cp)
- disorder of motor functioning caused by a permanent, non-progressive brain defect or lesion present at or shortly after birth (chronic condition)
- the nervous system damage can occur before or during birth or before a child's second birthday
38
cp atypical muscle movements
- breathing
- swallowing
- speech
- eye movements
- achieving and maintaining normal posture while lying down, sitting, and standing
- abnormal reflexes often present
39
cp terminology
- hypertonia/ hypertonic
- hypotonia/ hypotonic
- spastic (hypertonicity, retained abnormal reflexes, slow and restricted movement)
- spastic hemiplegia
- spastic diplegia
- dyskinesia
- athetosis
40
muscular dystrophy
hereditary disease that progressively weakens the muscles, impacts the structure and integrity of the muscles
41
4 main types of md
- duchenne
- becker
- facioscapulohumeral
- limb-girdle
42
fascia
- a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles
- flexible to allow muscle movements
- plural: fasciae; fascias
43
myofascial (med term broken down)
pertaining to the fascia of the muscle
44
fasciitis
inflammation of fascia
45
fibromyalgia
- chronic
- characterized by fatigue and pain
46
adhesion
band of fibrous tissue holding structures together abnormally
47
atrophy
weakness/ wearing away of body tissues and structures
48
myalgia
tenderness or pain in the muscles
49
tenosynovitis
inflammation of sheath (synovial membrane) surrounding a tendon
50
tendinitis (tendonitis)
inflammation of tendons due to overuse
51
cumulative trauma, repetitive injury, overuse syndrome
- injuries caused by repetitive jobs
- more often seen with factory jobs, manual labor, waitress, hair stylists, meat cutters
- for resolution of symptoms, people often must change jobs
52
cumulative trauma
- carpal tunnel syndrome (cts)
- tendonitis
- thoracic outlet syndrome (tos)
- rotator cuff tear or repair
53
impingement syndrome
inflammation and swelling of tendons in space between bones within the shoulder joint
54
rotator cuff tendinitis
inflammation of tendons in rotator cuff
55
ruptured rotator cuff
tendon weakens and tears due to the lack of treatment or continued overuse
56
muscles of the rotator cuff
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
57
process of injury of rotator cuff
- impingement
- bursitis tendonitis
- partial tear
- complete tear
58
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis
- abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis tendons are inflamed
- inflamed tendons cause the tendon sheath or lining to swell and thicken
- pinching the tendons and making them unable to slide easily
59
epicondylitis
inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow
- overuse of the muscles and tendons
- caused by repetitive injuries
- inflammation of the tendons of the elbow
60
medial epicondylitis
- golfer's elbow
- pain at the medial epicondyle of the elbow
- pain usually starts at the medial epicondyle and may spread down the forearm
- decreased strength with grasp
- flexor
61
lateral epicondylitis
- tennis elbow
- pain at the lateral epicondyle of the elbow
- pain usually starts at the lateral epicondyle and may spread down the forearm
- decreased strength with grasp
- extensor
62
plantar fasciitis
- inflammation of plantar fascia on sole of foot
- causes foot or heel pain when walking or running
63
sprain
injury to a joint usually due to wrenching or tearing of a ligament
64
shin splint
injury when a muscle tears away from the tibia
65
strain
injury due to overuse involving stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon attachment
