Exam 6: underlined (must know) info

Question 1

muscul/o; my/o; myos/o

Answer 1

muscles

Question 2

fasci/o; fibr/o

Answer 2

fascia; fibrous tissue

Question 3

ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o

Answer 3

tendons

Question 4

myocardial muscle

Answer 4

(pertaining to the muscle of the heart)
- forms muscular walls of the heart
- provides constant contraction and relaxation causing the heartbeat
- involuntary

Question 5

long muscles prioritize…

Answer 5

movement

Question 6

thick muscles prioritize…

Answer 6

strength

Question 7

types of paralysis

Answer 7

• hemiplegia
• hemiparesis
• myoparesis

Question 8

paresis

Answer 8

partial or incomplete paralysis

Question 9

plegia

Answer 9

paralysis

Question 10

myoparesis

Answer 10

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Question 11

hemiparesis

Answer 11

weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body

Question 12

hemiplegia

Answer 12

total paralysis affecting one side of the body

Question 13

muscle tone

Answer 13

state of balanced muscle tension allowing normal posture/movement (resting muscle tone in muscle fibers, muscle tone from CNS)

Question 14

atonic

Answer 14

(pertaining to without tone)
- lacking normal muscle tone

Question 15

dystonia

Answer 15

(condition bad tone)
- impairment of voluntary muscle movement

Question 16

hypotonia

Answer 16

(condition deficient tone)
- diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Question 17

hypertonia

Answer 17

(condition excessive tone)
- increased tone of the skeletal muscles

Question 18

spasm

Answer 18

sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles

Question 19

myoclonus

Answer 19

(muscle violent action)
- involuntary jerking of muscles (consistent spasms)

Question 20

bradykinesia

Answer 20

(condition slow movement)
- extreme slowness in movement

Question 21

dyskinesia

Answer 21

(bad)
- impairment of voluntary movement

Question 22

hyperkinesia

Answer 22

(excessive)
- abnormal increased muscle function or activity

Question 23

dysarthria

Answer 23

abnormal use of muscles for speech and eating

Question 24

ataxia

Answer 24

(coordination without)
- lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Question 25

paraplegia

Answer 25

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

Question 26

quadriplegia (tetraplegia)

Answer 26

(paralysis four) - paralysis of all four extremities

Question 27

irritability

Answer 27

the ability of the muscle to respond to a stimulus, either internal or external

Question 28

contraction

Answer 28

tightening of a muscle causing it to become shorter and thicker

Question 29

relaxation

Answer 29

returning to original form, muscle becomes longer and thinner

Question 30

contracture

Answer 30

- permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin - elastic connective tissues get replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Question 31

4 main types of MD

Answer 31

- duchenne - becker - facioscapulohumeral - limb-girdle

Question 32

myofascial

Answer 32

(pertaining to muscle fascia)

Question 33

fasciitis

Answer 33

(inflammation fascia) - inflammation of fascia

Question 34

fibromyalgia

Answer 34

(pain fibrous tissue muscle) - chronic - characterized by fatigue and pain

Question 35

adhesion

Answer 35

band of fibrous tissue holding structures together abnormally

Question 36

atrophy

Answer 36

weakness/ wearing away of body tissues and structures

Question 37

myalgia

Answer 37

(pain muscle) tenderness or pain in the muscles

Question 38

tenosynovitis

Answer 38

(inflammation tendon synovial membrane) - inflammation of sheath surrounding a tendon

Question 39

tendinitis (tendonitis)

Answer 39

(inflammation tendon) - inflammation of tendons due to overuse

Question 40

impingement syndrome

Answer 40

inflammation and swelling of tendons in space between bones within the shoulder joint

Question 41

rotator cuff tendinitis

Answer 41

inflammation of tendons in rotator cuff

Question 42

ruptured rotator cuff

Answer 42

tendon weakens and tears due to the lack of treatment or continued overuse

Question 43

medial epicondylitis

Answer 43

- golfer's elbow - pain at the medial epicondyle of the elbow - pain usually starts at the medial epicondyle and may spread down the forearm - decreased strength with grasp - flexor

Question 44

lateral epicondylitis

Answer 44

- tennis elbow - pain at the lateral epicondyle of the elbow - pain usually starts at the lateral epicondyle and may spread down the forearm - decreased strength with grasp - extensor

Question 45

epicondylitis

Answer 45

(inflammation on condyle (round prominence at end of a bone)) - inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow

Question 46

plantar fasciitis

Answer 46

- inflammation of plantar fascia on sole of foot - causes foot or heel pain when walking or running

Question 47

sprain

Answer 47

injury to a joint usually due to wrenching or tearing of a ligament

Question 48

shin splint

Answer 48

injury when a muscle tears away from the tibia

Question 49

strain

Answer 49

injury due to overuse involving stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon attachment