Exam Flashcards
(44 cards)
Nucleus
Usually in the centre of the cell, stores the cells hereditary material, or DNA and coordinates the cells activities. Found in animal and plant cells
Ribosome
Found in the cytoplasm it functions as a micro machine for making proteins. Found in animal and plant cells
Mitochondria
Found in cytoplasm the powerhouse of the cell used for energy production in the cell. Present in animal and plant cells
Golgi
Found in the cytoplasm next to the ER it’s job is to sort and process proteins which are then released. Present in animal and plant cells
Rough ER
Found in the cytoplasm it’s job is to assemble proteins. Present in animal and plant cells
Chloroplasts
Found only in plants cells their main role is to conduct photosynthesis
Lysosome
Found only in animal cells function is to digest excess or worn out organelles , food particles and engulfed viruses or bacteria
Vacuole
Found in cytoplasm provides support or rigidity. A storage area for nutrients and waste matter and can decompose complex molecules. Found in animal and plant cells
Cell wall
Only in plant cells provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism
Cell membrane
In both protect the cell from its surroundings.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
are unicellular organisms that lack organelles or other internal membrane-bound structures . Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but, instead, generally have a single chromosome
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A eukaryote is any organism whose cells have a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. The type of living cells that form all organism in the animal kingdom
Differences between animal and plant cells
the main structural differences between plant and animal cells lie in a few additional structures found in plant cells. These structures include: chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.
Uses and functions of enzymes
Most enzymes are made of a macromolecule called protein. Enzymes act as catalysts in reactions. Enzymes can be reused but each enzyme is specific to its substance.
Structure of enzymes
An enzyme works by binding a substrate at the active site. When the enzyme binds with the enzyme specific substrate it breaks the substrate down.
What is a substrate, product and reactant?
The substrate is the thing that reacts with the enzyme, they are enzyme specific.
The product is the thing that is created when the enzyme and the substrate react.
The reactant is the substrate
Mitosis
The division of cells. All the cells that divide themselves have a nucleus. Mitosis is when the chromosomes in a cell duplicate and then split, creating two cells instead of one. When the cells split it does not create 96 seperate chromosomes but instead 46 doubles
Meiosis
The division of sex cells. The gamete created has to be in the ovaries or testes to perform meiosis. The cells splits four time but the chromosome number only doubles once, leaving four cells with 23 chromosomes. These cells only have 23 because they then combine with the opposite sex cell to get 46 again
What is a mono hybrid cross + expected ratios
a breeding experiment between P generation (parental generation) organisms that differ in a single given trait. The P generation organisms are homozygous for the given trait, however each parent possesses different alleles for that particular trait. So if you breed green dominant snow peas and yellow recessive snow peas. Same gene but different allele
Homozygous
refers to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. It is referred to by two capital letters (XX) for a dominant trait, and two lowercase letters (xx) for a recessive trait.
Heterozygous
An allele can be dominant or recessive. The allele is different (Xx)
What is a genotype?
A genotype, represented by Xx or XX or xx is the actual genetic information carried by an individual
What is a phenotype?
The observable characteristics or traits of an individual
What is dominant?
The trait that is observed in the outward appearance of the individual
