Exam

Question 1

Define IMSAFE

Answer 1

Illness
Medication 
Stress 
Alcohol 
Fatigue 
Eating

Question 2

Why do aircrew require an annual audiometric exam?

Answer 2

Early detection of NIHL

Question 3

Which drugs are allowed to be used to assist with sleep?

Answer 3

Tamazepam

Zolpidem

Question 4

Sunglasses

Answer 4

CR39 - won’t shatter

ND15 - absorb colours

Question 5

Emergency actions for toxic fumes exposure in the aircraft?

Answer 5

100% O2, emergency, connection, breathe normally, declare, descend and land ASAP, ventilate cabin

Question 6

Describe the decibel scale

Answer 6

Modified to reflect the ears response to sound

Logarithmic

Question 7

Define resonance

Answer 7

When a body is vibrated by another being vibrated

Question 8

What is NIHL?

Answer 8

Noise induced hearing loss

Question 9

What is the relationship between pressure and volume

Answer 9

Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure

Question 10

Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?

Answer 10

Insidious nature

Incapacitating effects

Question 11

What is the difference between the anatomical blind spot and the night blind spot?

Answer 11

Anatomical: no photoreceptive cells where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Night: centre of fovea has no rods, only cones. Rods have lower light stimulation threshold than cones. Must depend on rods in lower than moon light

Question 12

Describe the two components of the vestibular system used for orientation.

Answer 12

Semicircular canals: 3 fluid filled tubes in the inner ear. Right angles. Angular acceleration.

Otolith organs: small sacs. Inner ear, nerve hair cells. Linear acceleration.

Question 13

Which body cavities may have trapped gas problems during descent

Answer 13

Ears

Sinuses

Question 14

4 main symptoms of motion sickness

Answer 14

Pallor
Cold sweating
Nausea
Vomiting

Question 15

State various types of aircraft oxygen systems.

Answer 15

Gaseous, liquid, solid chemical, onboard generators

Question 16

Define the law of gaseous diffusion

Answer 16

Gas molecules will diffuse through a permeable membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

Question 17

State the physical effects of a loss of cabin pressure.

Answer 17

Noise 
Decrease temperature 
Misting 
Decrease visibility 
Air blast

Question 18

What is auto kinesis?

Answer 18

Illusory movement by a static light viewed in the dark.

Example of a dot

Question 19

Which sensory organs detect angular acceleration?

Answer 19

Semicircular canals

Question 20

State the safety rules relating to oxygen.

Answer 20

Checks for system integrity
Indications of O2 flow and content
Protection from toxic fumes
Emergency system for high altitude

Question 21

4 types of Hypoxia

Answer 21

Hypoxic
Histotoxic
Hypaenic
Stagnant

Question 22

What mechanisms does the body use to maintain 37 degrees in hot weather?

Answer 22

Thermoregulatory systems:

• vasodilatation
• sweating

Question 23

Exposure time for decibels

Answer 23

85 - 8

Every other halves

Question 24

State the physiological effects of a loss of cabin pressure.

Answer 24

Gas expansion
Hypoxia
DCS
Cold

Question 25

Physiological problems with vibration

Answer 25

Hard tracking of objects Heart rate fluctuations Increased muscle activity

Question 26

What is the cause of Permanent Threshold Shift

Answer 26

Destruction of hair cells

Question 27

Sources of vibration

Answer 27

Engines Turbulence High speed low level flight High G

Question 28

What are the four types of decompression illness

Answer 28

Bends- joints Creeps - skin Staggers - nervous system Chokes - respiratory

Question 29

Define Active failures

Answer 29

Errors that have immediate impact

Question 30

State the signs and symptoms of toxic fume exposure.

Answer 30

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, confusion, disorientation, headache Odour, eye or throat irritation

Question 31

What drugs can be used to manage fatigue?

Answer 31

Caffeine

Question 32

Define vibration

Answer 32

Oscillation of an objects velocity

Question 33

Who can TMUFF aircrew

Answer 33

Health care provider Authorising officers Flight commanders Individuals

Question 34

What are the components of the shell model?

Answer 34

Software - procedures Hardware - machine Environment - situation Liveware- human

Question 35

What does CREEP stand for?

Answer 35

``` Container Restraint Environment Energy absorption Post crash factors and escape ```

Question 36

State the differences between Rods and Cones.

Answer 36

Rods: night, low illumination, imprecise movement, peripheral retina, monochromatic Cones: day, high illumination, fine details, colour, central retina

Question 37

Define latent failures

Answer 37

Errors before the incident

Question 38

How is the deoxygenated blood returned to the heart

Answer 38

Venus system - Cavae - one way valves Muscular action Reduced pressure from diaphragm

Question 39

How can aircrew protect, improve and maintain their operational night vision?

Answer 39

``` Training Clean screens Dark adapt 100% O2 Protect from light Scan Diet No smoke ```

Question 40

The false sensation of pitching is an example of what illusion?

Answer 40

Somatogravic illusion

Question 41

What is Henry's law

Answer 41

The amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas over the solution

Question 42

Which body cavities may have trapped gas problems during ascent

Answer 42

Lungs Teeth Gastro-intestinal tract

Question 43

Describe the Coriolanus illusion.

Answer 43

sensation of tumbling. Movement of head from plane of rotation. Conflicting information.

Question 44

State the three sensory organs used for orientation.

Answer 44

Vision Vestibular system Proprioceptors

Question 45

Describe the leans.

Answer 45

Semicircular canals, otolith inputs, not detected if slower 2degrees per second per second.

Question 46

List the types of aircraft pressurisation systems.

Answer 46

Low-differential systems High-differential systems Air conditioning

Question 47

Which sensory organs detect tilt?

Answer 47

Otolith organs