Exam

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

Is the study of the transfer of meaning.

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

Is qualitatively transforming or masking a message in some way.

Question 3

Pre-editing

Answer 3

Is consciously or unconsciously choosing to quantitatively transform or limit the content of a message before it is sent.

Question 4

Cluster

Answer 4

In relation to non-verbal communication, is a group of different types of non-verbal behaviours or tells.

Question 5

Kinesics

Answer 5

Is the study of non-linguistic movement in relation to communication.

Question 6

Backchanneling

Answer 6

In conversation it is responding to a speaker with non-verbal and para verbal feedback, such as nodding, smiling and friendly behaviour.

Question 7

Micro-culture

Answer 7

Is the predominating attitudes and behaviour that characterise the functioning of a group organisation.

Question 8

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 8

Is a persons basic underlying capability to recognise and use emotion to better to communicate with others.

Question 9

Why is feedback important

Answer 9

• Allows is to build and maintain communication with others
• It is valuable info that will be used to make important decisions
• Beneficial for the giver, receiver and the wider organisation
• Advice, support and critique provided in response by one person to another

Question 10

Concept of noise

Answer 10

• Noise is anything that interferes with or distorts a message, or creates barriers to communication.
• Is a disruption which disrupts the transmission or interpretation of a message

Question 11

Primary Data

Answer 11

Consists of original unpublished information and material, or material that is published in its original form eg experimental findings, questionnaires, interviews, archives, autobiographies

Question 12

Secondary Data

Answer 12

Is material that has been published after the time of creation of the primary data and is not original. It is generally a re-examination of primary data can be in either paper or electronic form. eg books, newspapers, websites

Question 13

Tertiary data

Answer 13

Is material published way after the primary data was and it comprises synthesis and summarised both primary and secondary. Eg Encyclopaedia, dictionary, handbook, manual

Question 14

Flow of data in regards to primary, secondary and tertiary

Answer 14

All knowledge is created in the primary source then reworked and commented on in the secondary and is then synthesised in the tertiary source

Question 15

Non-verbal communication and it’s role in listening

Answer 15

• Allows us to get a better understanding of how to react to the words being said if we also listen to the non-verbal behaviour that accompanies them
• When someone is talking to you, your non-verbal communications can help or hinder the process of effective listening
• By using the correct non-verbal communication it could lead to responsive listening

Question 16

Essay’s

Answer 16

• It’s purpose is to show how well you understand a question and can answer it
• Opinions are often expressed throughout
• Can be impersonal and objective or personal and subjective
• Usually individual authorship
• Usually does not lead to oral presentation
• References can be extensive

Question 17

Reports

Answer 17

• Their purpose is to convey information
• Opinions are generally left for conclusion and recommendations
• style tends to be impersonal and objective
• Often collective authorship
• Can often lead to a oral presentation
• References are often light and both primary and secondary data is used.

Question 18

Monochron

Answer 18

Is preferring work to be structured in linear flows with a minimum of interruptions

Question 19

Polychron

Answer 19

Is prefering to work on multiple projects at the same time and not be bothered by interruptions

Question 20

Strengths of Lasswell’s model of communication

Answer 20

• Its easy and simple
• suits for almost all types of communication
• The concept of effect

Question 21

Weaknesses of Lasswell’s model of communication

Answer 21

• Does not include feedback
• Ignores possibility of noise
• It is very linear and simplistic hence does not consider that barriers in the communication process
• Very general and only includes traditional topics

Question 22

Strengths of the Shannon and weavers model of communication

Answer 22

• Concept of noise helps in making the communication effective by removing the noise and problem causing noise
• This model takes communication as a two way process and it makes the model applicable in general communication
• Communication is taken as quantifiable
• Simplifies the complexities of communication, makes it possible to analyse communication processes where there may be barrier or communication breakdown

Question 23

Weaknesses of Shannon and weavers model of communication

Answer 23

• It can be applied more for interpersonal communication rather than group or mass communication
• Presumes meanings are neutral and is linear (one way of communication)
• Feedback is taken as less important in comparison to the messages sent by the sender
• Is misleading misinterpretation of the nature of human communication as human communication is not mathematical in nature

Question 24

Straight forward probe questioning

Answer 24

direct and blunt, can be counter productive, however, need to be aware and draw others out gently also good for situations for when others avoid or bag around the bush. Eg what do you want or what’s this really about.

Question 25

Open questioning

Answer 25

- Cannot be answered by a yes or no, they require a longer response - Useful for opening phrases, icebreakers l, build a report and gain information. - Prevent quick rejection and premature decision making - Not useful when closure or action is required Eg what is it that you like about her?

Question 26

Closed questions

Answer 26

- Require a yes or no answer - Useful for establishing facts, forcing choices making decisions and achieving closure - Not useful in opening phrases and when rapport needs to be built Eg will this improve the situation

Question 27

Reflective questions

Answer 27

- Reflects back on other people's feelings, letting them know you are listening and are sympathetic - Cue for them to further explore their feelings - A form of active or reflective listening Eg your people might be unhappy with that figure, then?

Question 28

Rhetorical questions

Answer 28

- Self answering questions or questions that don't need an answer - Subject change or approach can help Eg how many time have I told you

Question 29

Testing

Answer 29

A question that you already know the answer to. you are just trying to test the other persons knowledge of a subject Eg what were the depreciation figures for last year?

Question 30

Leading Questions

Answer 30

Not neutral like closed, the questioner is prompting the answer they want. Eg so your report should be in by tomorrow?

Question 31

Stupid questions

Answer 31

Help slow things down, distract and put others off their guards to divert discussion back to basics Eg how do they actually put little wheels on?

Question 32

Facial expression

Answer 32

- Smiling - Look as if interested, but also have a relaxed look - Pause then look away with a tilted head when thinking about a question.

Question 33

Posture

Answer 33

- Straight posture - Look comfortable and not tense - Sit quiet and still whilst not fiddling

Question 34

Eyes

Answer 34

- Eye contact while speaking and listening

Question 35

Head movements

Answer 35

- Nod when agreeing | - Shake when disagreeing

Question 36

Gestures

Answer 36

- Use arms and hands to emphasise story - Do not cross arms - Don't fiddle with face and hands - Relaxed hands and arms

Question 37

Touching

Answer 37

- Handshake at beginning and end | - No-limited touching throughout, only if 100% needed

Question 38

Why is listening important

Answer 38

- Allows us to get the full picture - Let's us learn and survive - Will hopefully lead to others listening to you