Exam

Question 1

Headaches red flags

Answer 1

S- Systemic: fever, stiff neck w photophobia, vomitting, increased ICP, pregnancy, cancer or immunocompromised
N-neurological: altered consciousness, neuro deficits, chnages to memory, behaviours, etc
O- onset; sudden or abrupt
O-lder: > 50 y.o
P- previous history, pattern change

Question 2

Yellow flags

Answer 2

attitudes and beliefs, poor behaviours, work, social interatcions, compensation issues,

Question 3

Gradings of myotomes

Answer 3

5- full rom, full resistance
4- full rom, some resistance
3-Full rom, gravity, no resistance
2-full rom, no gravity, assistance
1- evidece of muscle contraction but no jont movement
0-no muscle contraction

Question 4

Obriens test

Answer 4

for AC and labral problems

90 degrees GH flexion and slight adductiin, resist elevation in IR and ER, pain in IR is labral, ER is AC

Question 5

Adisons test

Answer 5

Tests for thoracic outlet at the scalene triangle
Palpate the radial pulse and move the arm into abduction, ER, and ext, Pt rotates head to the side of lesion, takes a deep breath and holds,
If dimisned or absent pulse then positive or repro of ssx

Question 6

Epicondylitis test

Answer 6

Cozens: lateral, motorbike
Maudesleys: lateral, finger elevation

Question 7

FInkelsteins

Answer 7

For de Quaverians,

fist around thumb and ulnar deviate

Question 8

FADDIR

Answer 8

for hip impingment, and labral tears

Question 9

FAI test

Answer 9

flexion and internal rotation of hip

Question 10

FABER test

Answer 10

for hip, SIJ, labral path

Question 11

Scour test

Answer 11

FOr labral tear, hip at 90 deg and compressive force

Question 12

Thomas test

Answer 12

Look for flexion of the lumbar spine, extension of the knee, height of the hip and knee, rotation of the femur

Question 13

Trendelenburg

Answer 13

the standint leg is the one with the pathology

Question 14

Lachmans test

Answer 14

for ACl
knee flexed to 30 degrees
translate tibia anteriorly more specific than anterior drawer

Question 15

Anterior drawer test

Answer 15

for ACL
knee flexed to 80-90 degrees
translate tibia anteriorly

Question 16

Thesallys

Answer 16

do at slight flexion and with 20 degrees flexion

Question 17

Valgus and varus

Answer 17

do at neutral and at 30 degrees flexion

Question 18

McMurrays

Answer 18

LATERAL MENISCUS: start with knee in flexion, introduce internal rotation, and then extend knee, then back into flexion

MEDIAL MENISCUS: start with knee in flexion, introduce external rotation, and then extend the knee and back into flexion

Not great S and S

Question 19

Apsleys test

Answer 19

patient prone,
more reliable than mcmurrays
from 90 deg knee flexion introduce IR and ER rotation of tibia
looking for pop and pain

Question 20

Ottawa knee rules

Answer 20

55 or over
isolated tenderness of patella
Tenderness of head of fib
Inability to flex > 90
inability to weight bear

Question 21

Ottawa ankle rules

Answer 21

Bony tenderness inferior posterior edge of distal 6cm of distal medail or lateral malleolus
unable to weight bear 4 steps

Question 22

Ottawa foot rules

Answer 22

Bony tenderness navicular
Bony tenderness base of 5th met
unable to weight bear 4 steps

Question 23

SSx of upper cervical instability

Answer 23

loss of balance on head/ neck movements
Facial/lip paraesthesia
Limb parasetheia
Nystagmus

Question 24

Sharp-purser test

Answer 24

for AA ligament instability
Patient seated, head relaxed/ slumped forward
Contact over C2, and push head posteriorly to take away dens from spinal cord
postivie if onset of symptoms w flexion, relief of symtoins with posterior head translation or palpable hypermobility

Question 25

Alar ligament stress test

Answer 25

NEUTRAL ROT: contact C2, rotate to L and R, should be no more than 20-30 degrees SB: positive if feels lax or onset of symptms,,test in flexion, neutral extension SUPINE: same as SB but head off end of table

Question 26

Neck myotomes

Answer 26

``` c2- flexion c3- SB c4- elevation c5: abduction c6- elbow/ wrist flexion c7- elbow/ wrist extension c8- finger flexion t1- finger adduction ```

Question 27

Prone knee bend biases

Answer 27

if you adduct: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve | if you abduct with ER, ankle dorsiflexion and eversion: saphenous nerve

Question 28

DIfferent sensory pathways

Answer 28

Sharp and dull: spinothalamic tract Light touch: dorsal column Vibration: dorsal column Proprioception: dorsal column

Question 29

Upper limb reflexes

Answer 29

Biceps C5,6 Brachioradialis: c56 Triceps C7,8

Question 30

Reflex grading

Answer 30

``` 0- absent 1+- diminshed 2+ normal 3= hyperactive without clonus 4 hyperactive with clonus ```

Question 31

Walking neuro test

Answer 31

Walking on toes- s1 | walking on heels: L4/5

Question 32

Lower limb reflexes

Answer 32

Patella tendon L3/4 | Achilles tendon s1

Question 33

CNI

Answer 33

olfactory | test smell in both nostrils

Question 34

CNII

Answer 34

optic nerve: eye chart, peripheral vision test examination of funsu

Question 35

CN III and IV

Answer 35

occulomotor and trochlear Pupillary reflex H test, convergence,

Question 36

CN VI

Answer 36

abducent | H test, convergence,

Question 37

CN V

Answer 37

trigeminal nerve | motor of muscles of mastication, pain/temperature in trigmeninal regions, Corneal reflex

Question 38

CN VII

Answer 38

facial nerve | muscles of fascial expression, also closes eye in corneal reflex

Question 39

CN VIII

Answer 39

vestibulocochlear Whipser test, weber test: tuning fork on head, can they hear equally both sides? RInne test: mastoid then air conduction

Question 40

CN IX and X

Answer 40

Glossopharangeal and Vagus get patient to say ah: look for uvula deviation and rise of soft palate gag reflex

Question 41

CN XI

Answer 41

spinal accessory nerve | resist SCM and traps

Question 42

CN XII

Answer 42

hypoglossal protrude and move tongue listen to talking

Question 43

Vital signs

Answer 43

BP (140/90 abnormal), temp, RR(14-20) and pulse rate (<50 or > 120)