Exam Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
Demulcents
A
soothe and lubricate
can take internally to soothe inflamed tissue
2
Q
Nervines
A
calm nervous tension, nourish nervous system
3
Q
anti-spasmodics
A
calm nervous tension in the muscles and reduce pain
4
Q
Methods of application
A
Herbal tea (Infusion, Decoction) Bolus Electuary Fomentation Liniment Poultice & plaster Salve Smoking Syrup Tincture
5
Q
Electuary
A
paste made of small amt of herb and honey, syrup, or pb
Easier to give to children
6
Q
bolus
A
powder herb mixed with cocoa butter
inserted into rectum or vagina, applied at night
7
Q
Herbal infusion
A
delicate parts of herbs steeped
8
Q
Herbal Decoction
A
extracts deeper essences from coarse leaves, stems, barks, and roots
9
Q
Fomentation
A
“compress”
external application to treat swelling, pain, cold/flu Sx
10
Q
Liniment
A
herbal extracts rubbed into the skin; Tx muscle pain, relief of arthritis and inflammation
11
Q
Poultice
A
warm, moist mass of powdered or macerated herbs, applied directly to skin to relieve inflammation (ex: skin eruptions, insect bites)
draw out infections, toxins, alleviate pain and muscle spasm
12
Q
Capsaicin cream usage
A
applied to unbroken skin for Shingles, arthritic pain (red pepper paste)
13
Q
plaster
A
similar to poultice
macerated herbs are mixed with thick base and placed between 2 thin pieces of linen, then apply to skin
cooling and drawing out fever
14
Q
smoking
A
treat coughs, asthma, bronchial congestion
15
Q
Lobelia
A
indian tobacco
contain lobeline, similar to nicotine but no addictive effects
reduces cravings
used for smoking cessation
16
Q
Salve
A
thick consistency of herbal oil and beeswax
can stay on skin
17
Q
Syrup
A
treat coughs and sore throats
18
Q
Tincture
A
highly concentrated extracts, preserved in alcohol for 2 wks and pour off alcohol
can be taken internally or as liniment
long shelf life
19
Q
What method is better for management of chronic conditions
A
tinctures
20
Q
anti-catarrhals
A
eliminate or counteract the formation of mucus
good for colds or sinusitis
21
Q
Carminatives
A
alleviation of gas and make it less pungent
22
Q
Cholagogues
A
promote flow and discharge of bile into sm intestine
also act as laxatives
23
Q
Emmenagogues
A
promote menstruation, usually causing it to come earlier; sometimes increased flow
24
Q
Galactogogues
A
increase secretion of milk
25
Uva Ursi
oxytocics; stimulate uterine contractions
26
Rubefacients
increase flow of blood at surface of skin
draw inflammation and congestion from deeper areas
Tx arthritis, sprains, joint pain
27
Chamomile
Dyspepsia: indigestion
Flatulence
Menstrual Cramps
Insomnia
Topical: hemorrhoids, mucositis (chemo-induced).
anti-spasmotic, anti-inflammatory
Tiglic acid esters, Chamazulene, Apigenin, Azulene, Umbelliferone, Bisabolols
28
Ginseng
```
Adaptogen: adapt to internal/external stressors, fight fatigue, increase stamina.
Aphrodisiac
Stimulant
DMII regulation
act like caffeine w/o "kick"
*cycle dose
avoid in HTN, heart dz
Ginsenosides
```
29
Echinacea
Immunostimulant for prevention of URIs,
Treatment of: common cold, herpes simplex infection (topical), upper respiratory tract infections (viral), urinary tract infections, vaginal candidiasis, skin wounds (topical), skin ulcers (topical).
Arthritis: anti-inflammatory activity may help alleviate rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
Cancer: used to offset the depression of white cells during radiation and chemotherapy for cancer patients
avoid in autoimmune disorders
30
Goldenseal
Active constituent, berberine: broad-spectrum antimicrobial & anti-infective.
Mucous membrane infections: Apthous stomatitis
GI parasitic infections -take when traveling.
Digestive aid
Liver Stimulant (cirrhosis)
UTI
hide drugs in urine - myth
31
Milk Thistle
Active ingredients silymarin and silibinin
Liver Tonic/Detoxifier; Antioxidant, protects hepatocyte membranes, enhances liver parenchyma regeneration, increases glutathione levels.
Hepatitis C, cirrhosis, Fatty liver
DM Type II insulin resistance/fatty liver
Amanita mushroom poisoning
Hangovers
Opiate withdrawal
Toxin Induced Hepatitis
32
Kava
Kavalactones act on limbic system.
Sedative (sleep disturbance)
Anti-Anxiety
Psychotropic effect (depression, PMS)
Anticonvulsant in some S. Pacific countries
Low Back Pain (mild muscle relaxant)
*can cause liver failure, many drug interactions
don't use w/benzos, alcohol, barbiturates
33
Valerian
Active constituents: valepotriates
Sedative
Insomnia/sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, menopausal symptoms, menstrual cramps, restlessness, tremors
Inhibits re-uptake of GABA
34
Peppermint
```
Menthol, flavonoids, azulene: spasmolytic, stimulates bile production
GI spasm, indigestion, IBS
Oral mucosa – analgesia
Topical analgesia – sore muscles
Aromatherapy – memory enhancement
*avoid in liver/GB dz
```
35
Garlic/Allium
Active constituent: allicin; Inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis.
Inhibits platelet aggregation, thromboxane synthesis, lysosomal enzyme release; decreases vascular muscle tone.
Possible interference w/microbial structure, function.
Increases serum insulin and liver glycogen storage resulting in decreased blood glucose
Hypercholesterolemia
Infections (H. pylori, Tinea)
Prevention of atherosclerosis
good for metabolic syndrome patient
interacts w/anticoag, antidiabetic, NSAID/ASA
36
Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgoflavone glycosides: reduce capillary fragility, act as antioxidants.; documented increase in cerebral and peripheral blood flow; protect against free radicals, improve memory
Ginkgolides: inhibit platelet activating factor.
cerebral vascular insufficiency
cognitive disorders
dementia
intermittent claudication
memory loss
SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction
vasodilator
MANY drug interactions: ASA, SSRI, diuretics, warfarin
*seeds and fruit pulp TOXIC
37
Saw Palmetto
ripe fruit used; Active constituents: sitosterols (phytoestrogen - aphrodisiac); anthranilic, caffeic, chlorogeneic acids.
Inhibits 5-alpha-reductase conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. (stimulates prostate cell proliferation)
BPH**
diuretic
anti-inflammatory
alopecia
prostate cancer (in combo with other herbs)
breast enlargement
To increase libido
*don't use in pregnancy, breast ca
38
Yohimbe
Bark used
Alpha-2-adrenergic blocker – increases blood flow to the genitals by increasing NE; Stimulates pelvic nerve ganglia by boosting adrenaline
Enhance sexual prowess
Increased libido
Increased sensation
Increased stamina
Women have also reported similar effects and general pleasant sensation
**contraindicated in HTN, schizophrenia**
39
St. John's Wort
```
Active constituent: hypericin; Possible dopaminergic or SSRI effects
depression (mild-moderate)***
psychosomatic disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
anxiety
premenstrual syndrome
wound and burn healing
**CAN'T also be on SSRIs!!
caution w/CYP450 drugs
```
40
Black Cohosh
```
May act by blocking serotonin reuptake.
dysmenorrhea
menopausal symptoms
nervous tension
premenstrual syndrome
don't use in breast ca, endometrial ca, endometriosis, etc.
may be assoc w/liver damage
```
41
Marijuana
```
THC: eases pain, helps w/relaxation, suppress pain from nerve damage, reduce risk of nerve damage, suppresses muscle spasm and convulsions
Alzheimer's disease
Appetite loss
Cancer
Crohn's disease
Eating disorders such as anorexia
Epilepsy
Mental health conditions like schizophrenia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Multiple sclerosis
Muscle spasms
Nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy
Pain
```
42
PHARMACOGNOSY/ PHYTOTHERAPY
Study of Medicines derived from natural sources that have or produce physical, chemical, biological or biochemical products that affect the well-being of man.
43
Reiki benefits
reduce stress
44
acupuncture effects are reversed by...
Naloxone
45
Qigong is great for...
all age groups!
46
7 Chakras
```
energy centers in our body through energy flows. illness is from blocked energy.
Root
Sacral
Solar
Heart
Throat
Third eye
Crown
```
47
Root Chakra
Represents our foundation and feeling of being grounded.
Location: Base of spine in tailbone area.
Emotional issues: Survival issues such as financial independence, money, and food
48
Sacral Chakra
Our connection and ability to accept others and new experiences.
Location: Lower abdomen, about 2 inches below the navel and 2 inches in.
Emotional issues: Sense of abundance, well-being, pleasure, sexuality.
49
Solar Plexus Chakra
Our ability to be confident and in-control of our lives.
Location: Upper abdomen in the stomach area.
Emotional issues: Self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem.
50
Heart Chakra
Our ability to love.
Location: Center of chest just above heart.
Emotional issues: Love, joy, inner peace.
51
Throat Chakra
Our ability to communicate.
Location: Throat.
Emotional issues: Communication, self-expression of feelings, the truth.
52
Third Eye Chakra
Our ability to focus on and see the big picture.
Location: Forehead between the eyes. (Also called the Brow Chakra.)
Emotional issues: Intuition, imagination, wisdom, ability to think and make decisions.
53
Crown Chakra
The highest Chakra represents our ability to be fully connected spiritually.
Location: The very top of the head.
Emotional issues: Inner and outer beauty, our connection to spirituality, pure bliss
54
Naturopathic Medicine
to assist the whole person in maximizing the body's inherent self-healing capacity
55
Principles of Naturopaths
The Healing Power of Nature (Vis Medicatrix Naturae)
Identify and Treat the Causes (ToIle Causam)
First Do No Harm (Primum Non Nocere)
Doctor as Teacher (Docere)
Treat the Whole Person
Prevention
56
"nature is healer of all diseases“
Hippocrates
57
Traditional Naturopaths do NOT
do not use prescription drugs, injections, x-rays, or surgery. (Unlike naturopathic doctors)
58
Placebo effect
a physiological response following administration of pharmacologically inert substance.
59
Homeopathic Medicine
LIKE CURES LIKE
A system of medicine which stimulates healing through the administration of substances prescribed according to three basic principles:
(1) like cures like
(2) the more a remedy is diluted, the greater the potency
(3) illness is specific to the individual.
60
Naturopathy/Naturopathic Medicine
seek to restore and maintain optimum health in their patients by emphasizing nature's inherent self-healing process, the vis medicatrix naturae.
System based on empowerment of the patient through education and rational use of natural methods of healing.
61
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Originated in ancient China
Key concept is that excellent nutrition, health, and living habits are crucial to maintaining a balanced flow of qi, or life energy, through the body.
Balance is tailored to the individual and may be achieved through herbal medicines and various mind and body practices, such as acupuncture and tai chi, to treat or prevent health problems.
62
Ayurvedic Medicine
Originated in India
Key concept is universal interconnectedness (among people, their health, and the universe), the body’s constitution (prakriti), and life forces (dosha).
The state of disease is individualized as are the treatments which include compounds of herbs and other supplements, diet, exercise, and lifestyle recommendations.
63
Herbal Therapy
Use of herbs and their chemical properties to alleviate specific conditions or to support the function of various body systems.
Herbal formulas have three basic functions: elimination and detoxification, health management and maintenance, and health building.
64
Nutritional Counseling
Use of diet and supplementation therapeutically as the primary or adjunctive treatment for illness, as well as for maintaining good health.
Employs a variety of approaches, including food combining, macrobiotics, and orthomolecular theory.
65
Biofield therapies
Examples include qi gong, Reiki, and Therapeutic Touch.
66
Vibrational therapy
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies:
Involve the unconventional use of soundwaves or electromagnetic fields such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternating current or direct current fields.
67
Vibrational therapy
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies:
Involve the unconventional use of soundwaves or electromagnetic fields such as pulsed fields, magnetic fields, or alternating current or direct current fields.
68
Energy Work
Broad category of body work influencing the seven major energy centers (chakras) and the flow of energy around and through this field.
69
Healing Touch/Therapeutic Touch
Touch is used to influence the energy system, affecting physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health and healing.
Goal of treatment is to restore harmony and balance, promoting self-healing.
70
Reiki
The use of hands and visualization to direct energy to various parts of the body to facilitate healing and relaxation.
