Exam : Ch. 10

Question 1

Anterior Chamber

Answer 1

fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris

Question 2

Aqueous Humor

Answer 2

watery liquid secreted by the ciliary processes that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment of the cornea, iris, and lens

Question 3

canal of Schlemm

Answer 3

duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream

Question 4

ciliary body

Answer 4

ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Question 5

ciliary uscle

Answer 5

smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near vision

Question 6

ciliary processes

Answer 6

epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor

Question 7

conjunctiva

Answer 7

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

Question 8

cornea

Answer 8

transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image

Question 9

iris

Answer 9

colored circle; colored part of the eye located behind the cornea that contracts and dilates to regulate light passing through the pupil

Question 10

macula

Answer 10

central region of the retina; responsible for central vision; yellow pigment provides its color

Question 11

optic nerve

Answer 11

nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain

Question 12

posterior chamber

Answer 12

space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous chamber; filled with aqueous humor

Question 13

pupil

Answer 13

black, circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye

Question 14

retina

Answer 14

innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to he optic nerve

Question 15

cones

Answer 15

cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to bright light

Question 16

rods

Answer 16

rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light

Question 17

sclera

Answer 17

tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve

Question 18

trabecular meshwork

Answer 18

mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aqueous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemm

Question 19

vitreous

Answer 19

jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye

Question 20

blepharospasm

Answer 20

involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing

Question 21

diplopia

Answer 21

double vision

Question 22

exophthalmos/us

Answer 22

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

Question 23

lacrimation

Answer 23

secretion of tears

Question 24

nystagmus

Answer 24

involuntary, rapid, oscillating movement of the eyeball

Question 25

photophobia

Answer 25

extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light

Question 26

scotoma

Answer 26

blind spot in vision

Question 27

astigmatism

Answer 27

distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina

Question 28

hyperopia

Answer 28

farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

Question 29

myopia

Answer 29

nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina

Question 30

presbyopia

Answer 30

impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation

Question 31

accommodation

Answer 31

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

Question 32

amblyopia

Answer 32

decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors

Question 33

aphakia

Answer 33

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

Question 34

blepharitis

Answer 34

inflammation of the eyelid

Question 35

blepharochalasis

Answer 35

baggy eyelid

Question 36

blepharoptosis

Answer 36

drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis

Question 37

cataract

Answer 37

opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision

Question 38

conjunctivitis

Answer 38

pinkeye

Question 39

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 39

disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation

Question 40

glaucoma

Answer 40

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

Question 41

hordeolum

Answer 41

sty; an acute infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid

Question 42

keratitis

Answer 42

inflammation of the cornea

Question 43

macular degeneration

Answer 43

breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision

Question 44

pterygium

Answer 44

fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to UV light

Question 45

retinal detachment

Answer 45

separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

Question 46

keratoplasty

Answer 46

corneal transplantation; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor

Question 47

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

Answer 47

a technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea to correct refractive error

Question 48

antibiotic ophthalmic solution

Answer 48

antimicrobial agent in solution; used to treat bacterial infections

Question 49

mydriatic

Answer 49

agent that causes dilation of the pupil; used for certain eye examinations

Question 50

miotic

Answer 50

agent that causes the pupil to contract

Question 51

lens

Answer 51

transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina

Question 52

scleritis

Answer 52

inflammation of the sclera