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Biology 10 > Exam Ch. 12-16.3 > Flashcards

Exam Ch. 12-16.3 Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Study of how living things interact with each other and their physical environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Whats the environment or home of an organism?

A

Habitat

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3
Q

Earth surface in which life exists

A

Biosphere

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4
Q

Large geographic regions

A

Biomes

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5
Q

What is the basic unit of ecology?

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

All the living things in an ecosystem

A

Community

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7
Q

Group of species living in the same ecosystem

A

Population

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8
Q

Most basic unit of ecology

A

Organism

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9
Q

Ecosystems ability to withstand change

A

Stability

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10
Q

Maximum population size that an ecosystem can currently support

A

Carrying capacity

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11
Q

Number and variety of species living in an ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

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12
Q

Abiotic factors

A

radiation, water, soil, temperature, atmosphere, and wind

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13
Q

Range of values that is needed for an organisms survival

A

Tolerance range

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14
Q

Organisms tolerance range for temperature

A

Optimum range

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15
Q

Any factor outside an organism’s tolerance range

A

Limiting factor

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16
Q

Organisms that make their own food

A

Autotrophs

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17
Q

Consumer organisms

A

Heterotrophs

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18
Q

Organisms that eat meat

A

Carnivore

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19
Q

Organisms that eat plants

A

Herbivores

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20
Q

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

A

Omnivore

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21
Q

Classification that describes feeding relationships to other organisms in an ecosystem

A

Trophic level

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22
Q

Carnivore in the top trophic level

A

Top carnivore

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23
Q

Model that shows nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem

A

Food chain

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24
Q

Model that shows possible feeding relationships at each trophic level

A

Food web

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25
What is the function of a living thing
Niche
26
Represents the total mass of living matter per unit area
Biomass pyramid
27
Shows number of organisms at each trophic level
Number pyramid
28
Relationship where both organisms benefit
Mutualism
29
Relationship where one benefits and one organism gets harmed
Parasitism
30
Relationship where one organism is helped and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Commensalism
31
Relationship where one organism gets hunted the the other is the hunter
Predation
32
Relationship where two organisms compete for the same limited resources
Competition
33
Relationship where one inhibits the other
Amensalism
34
Relationship that is neutral
Neutralism
35
Relationship where grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions without killing it
Herbivory
36
Recycling of materials and other nutrients in the environment
Biogeochemical cycles
37
Combination of a regions climax vegetation and its animal populations
Climax community
38
Biome with long, harsh, freezing winters
Arctic tundra
39
Biomes with harsh winters, but lacks permafrost
Alpine tundra
40
Biomes with harsh long winters with snow fall
Northern coniferous forest
41
Biomes with hot summers and cold winters
Temperate deciduous forest
42
Grass dominated biome
Grassland
43
Grasslands found in the tropics
Savanna
44
Hot and humid biome
Tropical rainforests
45
Water biome
Aquatic
46
Mix between salt water and fresh water
Estuary
47
Region that extends past the intertidal zone
Neritic zones
48
Extends from continental shelves into the open ocean
Oceanic zones
49
The organisms that colonize a disturbed ecosystem
Pioneer species
50
The replacement of the old pioneer species by later species
Ecological succession
51
What man has over nature
Dominion
52
Man's responsibility for nature
Stewardship
53
Study 16.1-16.3
Study 16.1-16.3
54
Basis for ones philosophy
Worldview
55
Scientist that studied evolution
Charles Darwin
56
What ship did he sail on?
HMS Beagle
57
How long was he on this trip?
5 years
58
What book did he read on this trip?
Principles of Geology
59
What means that the present is the only key to the past?
Uniformitarianism
60
What book did Charles Darwin write?
On The Origin of Species
61
"Survival of the fittest"
Natural selection
62
The breeding of humans to create the "master race"
Eugenics
63
Changes within a particular type of organism
Speciation
64
The hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time
Macroevolution
65
True of False: Macroevolution has never been observed in nature
True
66
The remains or impressions of plants, animals, and humans preserved in sedimentary rock
Fossils
67
True or False: the fossil record is one of the most powerful evidences against evolution.
True
68
Also known as "missing links"
Transitional forms
69
Theory that new organisms came about through the constant, gradual accumulation of small changes
Punctuated equilibrium theory
70
Simple-to-complex sequence of fossils
Geologic column
71
The succession of fossils indicated by the geologic column occurs nowhere in the world
The succession of fossils indicated by the geologic column occurs nowhere in the world
72
Layers in the geologic column
Index fossils
73
Using the geologic column as “evidence” to support the evolutionary hypothesis i
Circular reasoning
74
The theory that everything just randomly appeared here Hint: (Explosion of intricate organisms)
Cambrian explosion
75
Fishes fins are attached to the body by thick, fleshy lobes that allow the fins to be more freely rotated
Coelacanth
76
Mix between birds and dinosaurs
Archaeopteryx
77
The supposed evolution of the horse
Horse series
78
Fossil that was discovered in a gravel pit near the village of Piltdown, England (also was a hoax)
Piltdown man
79
Reconstructed from a pigs tooth
Nebraska man
80
Chimpanzee-sized fossil nicknamed “Lucy.”
Australopithecus afarensis
81
Variety of Australopithecus that was once regarded as a “human ancestor”
Australopithecus boisei
82
Know Australo -pithecus africanus
Australo -pithecus africanus
83
Ape species nicknamed “handy man”
Homo habilis
84
Ape species nicknamed "upright man" or "java man"
Homo erectus
85
Ape species originated from Beijing (Peking), China
Peking man
86
Know neanderthal man
Know neanderthal man
87

Biology 10 (3 decks)

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