Exam for Genetics level 1

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

Question 2

What is a trait?

Answer 2

A characteristic or features of organisms

Question 3

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 3

A substance that is produced by a living organism

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 5

What is the two ladders called in a DNA structure?

Answer 5

Double Helix (Twisted ladder)

Question 6

Adenine (A) base pair?

Answer 6

Thymine (T)

Question 7

Thymine (T) base pair?

Answer 7

Adenine (A)

Question 8

Guanine (G) base pair?

Answer 8

Cytosine (C)

Question 9

Cytosine (C) base pair?

Answer 9

Guanine (G)

Question 10

What is a mutation?

Answer 10

A mutation is a permanent change in genetics code that is caused by a genetic sequence

Question 11

What is a allele?

Answer 11

Alternative form of a gene / variation of a gene

Question 12

What is a genotype?

Answer 12

A combination of alleles that an organism possesses for a certian trait called ‘genotype’ (CC,Cc,cc)

Question 13

What is a phenotype?

Answer 13

Things that you can see ( hair colour, eye colour, Hair lines )

Question 14

What are CC and cc called?

Answer 14

Homozygous ( CC dominant, cc recessive)

Question 15

What is Cc called?

Answer 15

Hetrozygous

Question 16

What is a gamete?

Answer 16

A set cell eg sperm , egg, which has half the set chromosomes of other cells

Question 17

Haploid?

Answer 17

n

Question 18

Diploid?

Answer 18

2n

Question 19

Mitosis meaning?

Answer 19

Cell division for growth and repair

Question 20

What does mitosis give you?

Answer 20

Two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 21

Meiosis meaning?

Answer 21

Meiosis has 2 main cell divisions

Question 22

What does meiosis give you?

Answer 22

4 unique cells

Question 23

Crossing over?

Answer 23

There are many crossing over points on chromosomes in meiosis cell division which gives you more variation

Question 24

Test cross?

Answer 24

A way to find out if two parents kid is HH or Hh H? x hh

Question 25

Punnett Squares?

Answer 25

Very similar to test crosses but its to predict an outcome on a disease or a person (etc..)

Question 26

Ratios?

Answer 26

example….
| X | X |
——————————-
X | XX | XX |
——————————-
Y | XY | XY |
——————————-

Phenotype Ratio: 2 male: 2 female
Genotype Ratio: 2 XX : 2 XY
50% Male : 50% Female

Question 27

Pedigree analysis meaning?

Answer 27

used to trace an inheritance or a trait in the family

Question 28

Variation meaning?

Answer 28

A phenotype difference within a population

Question 29

~o + o = O
(Sperm + Egg = Zygote) ( show n’s pattern)

Answer 29

n + n = 2n