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Pharm > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

bactericidal antibiotics

A

kill the bacteria

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2
Q

bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

suppress growth of bacteria

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3
Q

Betalactans: 2 groups

A

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

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4
Q

Betalactans: examples (5)

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Penicillin G
Cefepime
Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Betalactans: MOA

A

bactericidal

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6
Q

Betalactans: uses (3)

A

Gram +/-
Strep pharyngitis
URI

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7
Q

Betalactans: monitoring

A

cross sensitivity!!
**Keflex

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8
Q

Sulfonamides: example

A

Bactrim
sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim

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9
Q

Sulfonamides: MOA

A

bacteriostatic

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10
Q

Sulfonamides: uses (2)

A

Gram +/-
MRSA

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11
Q

Sulfonamides: monitoring

A

sulfa allergy
G6PD Deficiency > develop hemolytic anemia

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12
Q

Macrolides: examples

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Fidaxomicin

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13
Q

Macrolides: MOA

A

Bacteriostatic OR bactericidal depending on the bug/dose

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14
Q

Macrolides: uses (4)

A

C. diff (+)
Upper respiratory/PNA
H. pylori
Legionella

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15
Q

Macrolides: monitoring

A

CYP450 > substrate vs inhibitor
rashes are common
QTc prolongation

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16
Q

Lincosamide: examples

A

Clindamycin

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17
Q

Lincosamide: MOA

A

bacteriostatic OR bactericidal

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18
Q

Lincosamide: uses (3)

A

Gram +
skin > cellulitis
osteomyelitis

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19
Q

Lincosamide: monitoring

A

severe colitis (C. diff after 8 BMs)

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20
Q

Oxazolidinones: examples

A

Linezolid

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21
Q

Oxazolidinones: MOA

A

bacteriostatic OR bactericidal

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22
Q

Oxazolidinones: uses (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram +
MRSA
complicated skin

23
Q

Oxazolidinones: monitoring

Study These Flashcards
A

serotonin syndrome > SSRIs or SNRIs

24
Q

Tetracyclines: examples

Study These Flashcards
A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

25
Tetracyclines: MOA
bacteriostatic
26
Tetracyclines: uses (4)
Gram + CAP MRSA Skin infections
27
Tetracyclines: monitoring
pregnancy, lactation, kinda under age of 8 years SHOULD NOT HAVE > decrease bone growth and teeth staining
28
Fluoroquinolone: examples
Moxifloxacin Ciprofloxacin Levaquin
29
Fluoroquinolone: MOA
bactericidal
30
Fluoroquinolone: uses (3)
Gram - UTI osteomyelitis
31
Fluoroquinolones: monitoring
tendon rupture > pop then pain within 150 days prolonged QTc > Moxifloxacin
32
Glycopeptides: examples
Vancomycin
33
Glycopeptides: MOA
bactericidal OR bacteriostatic
34
Glycopeptides: uses
IV: Gram + infection, sepsis, skin, **narrow therapeutic window PO: C. diff @ site of action, does NOT reach systemic levels = no trough
35
Glycopeptides: monitoring IV
IV: Redmans Syndrome > histamine response > slow infusion rate, nephrotoxic, ototoxic
36
Glycopeptides: monitoring PO
none
37
Metronidazole
do not mix with alcohol
38
Antivirals
timing is key Tamiflu starts within 48 hours
39
Type A: augmented
predictable reaction form the drugs pharmacological properties ex: hypoglycemia from insulin, hypotension from antihypertensives, diarrhea from antibiotics
40
Type B: bizzare
drug allergy or hypersensitivity > immune response
41
Type B responses
Type 1: anaphylaxis, IgE mediated by mast cells Type 2: cytotoxic reaction, autoimmune, hemolytic anemia/SLE/etc Type 3: immune complex reaction, angioedema, arthralgia, fever 1-2 weeks after drug use Type 4: cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction, 24-48 hours after exposure, skin reaction
42
Type C
cumulative effects of chronic use uncommon reactions dose/time related ex: osteonecrosis of the jaw from biphosphates
43
Type D: delayed
Teratogens > effects seen before/at birth or years later Carcinogens > activation of oncogenes uncommon
44
Type E: end
end of use reaction withdrawl from the drug ex: insomnia/anxiety from benzos slow taper
45
Type F: failure
treatment failure common dose related could be caused by drug interactions ex: OCP failure with rifampin
46
absorption
gastric pH does not reach adults values until 20-30 months infants have increase GI motility - unpredictable absorption
47
distribution
newborns/infants have high percentage of water BBB is porous and incomplete in newborns infants under 6 months have decreased plasma proteins available for drug binding hard to predict pharmokinetic in adolescents
48
metabolism
Phase I enzymes - CYP P450, CYP 1A2, CYP 3A4 Phase II enzymes - Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
49
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: A
adequate/well controlled, failed to demonstrate risk to fetus
50
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: B
animal reproductive studies have failed to demonstrate risk to fetus and no adequate/well controlled studies in pregnant women
51
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: C
animal reproductive has shown adverse effects on fetus, no adequate/well controlled studies in humans but potential benefit may warrant use of drug in pregnant women, but potential benefits may warrant the use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
52
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: D
positive evidence of human fetl risk based on adverse reaction data from investigation and marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant the use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
53
FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: X
studies in animals/humans have show fetal abnormalities, positive evidence of human risk **risks outweigh the benefits

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