EXAM I Autonomic Nervous System I Flashcards
(46 cards)
the autonomic nervous system is comprised of which 2 neurons in a chain?
- pre-ganglionic (ganglion = a collection of cell bodies)
- post-ganglionic
most organs are dually innervated by both the ___ and ___ nervous system, and the two tend to have ___ effects on the organs innervated
- sympathetic and parasympathetic
- opposite
which are the two tissues innervated by the sympathetic nervous system that have muscarinic receptors?
sweat glands and salivary glands
pre-ganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system are associated with the ___ region
thorocolumbar
pre-ganglionic sympathetic nervous system axons extend to ___ and ___ ganglia (hence, they tend to be ___)
- para- and pre-vertebral
- short
in the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system, axon terminals of the sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons synapse onto ___
sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons
post-ganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system are in ___ and ___ ganglia
para- and pre-vertebral
post-ganglionic axons/fibers of the sympathetic nervous system extend to ___
effector tissues/organs
sympathetic pre-ganglionic also innervate the ___, which has what effect?
- adrenal medulla
- adrenal cells release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream
pre-ganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system are located in the ___ region
craniosacral
pre-ganglionic axons of the parasympathetic nervous system extend to ganglia located ___
near or in effector tissues/organs
in the ganglia, axon terminals of the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons synapse onto ___
parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons
post-ganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system are in the ___
parasympathetic ganglia near or in effector tissue/organs
axons of parasympathetic post-ganglionic tissues innervate the ___
effector tissue
what are two classes of neuromuscular blockers?
depolarizing (non-competitive) and non-depolarizing
what is succinylcholine?
- a depolarizing (non-competitive) neuromuscular blocker that acts as a nicotinic agonist and depolarizes/desensitizes the neuromuscular endplate
- it opens the NIC channels and keeps these open such that the neuron is depolarized and unresponsive to another ACh challenge
what is tubocurare (aka tubocurarine)?
a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that competes with ACh at nicotinic receptors
what 3 things can happen of AChE is blocked?
- affects BOTH sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
- affects tissues innervated by post-ganglionic fibers
- affects signaling at the neuromuscular junction
what is sarin?
a cholinesterase inhibitor
what are some effects of sarin on the body?
main effect is an increase in acetylcholine, which causes:
- increase in HR
- stimulates skeletal muscle = tetani and eventually you will stop breathing
- increase in salivation
- watery eyes
- blurred vision
- increase in perspiration
- diarrhea
- death
what can be used to reverse the effects of sarin?
atropine
botulinim toxin prevents the release of ___, which causes what?
- ACh
- relax intraocular muscles, treats muscle dystonia (spasms), removes wrinkles
what are two cholinergic agents used in dentistry?
- cevimeline (evoxac)
- pilocarpine (salagen)
___ is a cholinergic agonist used to treat xerostomia in sjogrens syndrome
cevimeline (evoxac)
