Exam I Drugs Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
donepezil (aricept)
A
- acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
- increases ACh
- alzheimers disease
2
Q
phenelzine
A
- MAOI
- mood disorders
- autonomic side effects
3
Q
tramadol (ultram)
A
- non-opioid analgesic
- neuropathic pain
4
Q
methyltrexate
A
- anti-inflammatory
- multiple sclerosis
5
Q
tamsulosin (flomax)
A
- alpha 1 antagonist
- multiple sclerosis - bladder dysfunction
6
Q
indomethacin
A
- COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor
- potent with many side effects, rarely used
- rheumatoid arthritis and gout
7
Q
modafinil
A
- considered a non-stimulant, but is actually a minor stimulant
- multiple sclerosis - fatigue
- ADHD and ADD, also narcolepsy
8
Q
meperidine (demerol)
A
- opioid
- moderate pain
9
Q
entacapone
A
- COMT inhibitor
- increases DA, NE, and Epi
- parkinson’s disease
10
Q
trihexyphenidyl
A
- anticholinergic
- used to control sialorrhea
- parkinson’s disease
11
Q
benztropine
A
- anticholinergic
- used to control sialorrhea
- parkinson’s disease
- side effect: xerostomia
12
Q
metamucil (psyllium)
A
- multiple sclerosis - bowel dysfunction
13
Q
pramipexole
A
- D2 agonist
- parkinson’s disease
- used early in disease (before L-DOPA)
14
Q
meloxicam
A
- COX-2 > COX-1
- less GI effects, but more CV effects
- pain
15
Q
buprenerphine
A
- opioid - mixed agonist/antagonist
- treat opioid abuse
16
Q
hydromorphone
A
- opioid
- 1.5mg
17
Q
selegiline
A
- MAOI
- increases DA, NE, 5HT
- parkinson’s disease, mood disorders (depression)
- side effect: bruxism
18
Q
ketoprofen
A
- more potent form of ibuprofen
- 50mg
19
Q
morphine
A
- opioid narcotic
- 10mg
20
Q
ibuprofen
A
- COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor
- pain - 400mg
- inflammation - 800mg
- CV side effects
21
Q
naloxone
A
- “narcan”
- µ opioid antagonist
- treat opioid overdose, fast acting
22
Q
methadone
A
- opioid
- moderate/severe pain
- treats opioid dependence
23
Q
prednisone
A
- steroid, anti-inflammatory
- multiple sclerosis
24
Q
nortryptyline
A
- antidepressant - block NE uptake
- 1st line tx for neuropathic pain
25
fentanyl
* opioid (most potent)
* 0.1mg
26
oxycodone
* opioid
* 20mg
* percodan = 20mg aspirin + oxycodone
27
naprosyn/naproxen
* aleve
* longer lasting, slower acting form of ibuprofen
28
celecoxib (celebrex)
* COX-2 selective inhibitor
* lacks GI and antiplatelet effects
* CV warning
29
codeine
* opioid
* 200mg
30
gabapentin ("lyrica" or "neurontin")
* ASD, neuropathic pain, affects GABA systems
* multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, pain, fibromyalgia
31
oxymorphone
* opioid
* 1.0mg
32
salicylates (aspirin)
* COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor
* pain - 600mg
* inflammation - 1000mg
* anti-clotting/anti-platelet effects
* side effects - GI irritation, tinnitus, respiratory alkalosis, reye syndrome
33
interferon
* anti-inflammatory
* multiple sclerosis
34
L-DOPA + carbidopa
* precursor to DA
* parkinson's disease
* side effects: xerostomia, glossitis, pigmentation, bruxism, can develop dyskinesias
35
hydrocodone + acetaminophen
* "lortab" or "vicodin"
* opioid
* 30mg
36
clonazepam
* benzodiazepine, classic ASD
* multiple sclerosis - tremors; sedative
37
duloxetine (cymbalta)
* antidepressant - mixed NE/5HT transport blocker
* neuropathic pain, mood disorders (depression)
38
piroxican (feldene)
* ibuprofen-like
39
desipramine
* tricyclic antidepressant
* mood disorders
* side effects: anticholinergic effects
40
fluoxetine (prozac)
* SSRI - antidepressant
* mood disorders, multiple sclerosis, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia)
41
phenothiazines
* ex. chlorpromazine, thioridizine
* typical antipsychotic - D2 antagonist
* schizophrenia, psychosis
* side effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, xerostomia, extrapyramidal effects (less than butyrophenones)
42
quetiapine
* atypical antipsychotic - D2 antagonist, 5HT2A antagonist
* shizophrenia
* fewer side effects
43
pentazocine (talwin)
* opioid - mixed agonist/antagonist
* moderate pain
44
amytriptyline
* tricyclic antidepressant
* mood disorders
* side effects: anticholinergic effects, drowsiness
45
olanzapine
* atypical antipsychotic - block 5HT2A presynaptic receptors to alter DA synthesis
* huntington's disease, schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
* side effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, xerostomia, extrapyramidal effects
46
haldol (haloperidol)
* butyrphenones - D2 antagonist (antipsychotic)
* huntington's disease, schizophrenia
* side effects: tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, extrapyramidal effects
* lacks anticholinergic effects
47
diflunisal
* related to salicylates
* good for bone pain
48
venalafaxine
* mixed NE/5HT uptake blocker
* mood disorders
49
doxepine
* tricyclic antidepressant
* mood disorders
* side effects: anticholinergic effects
50
sertraline (zoloft)
* SSRI
* mood disorders, phobia disorders
51
lithium carbonate
* alters 2nd messenger systems
* bipolar disorder
* side effects: weight gain, edema, kidney damage, tremors
52
clozapine
* atypical antipsychotic - blocks 5HT2A receptors in addition to D2 antagonism
* schizophrenia
* side effects: serous agranulocytosis
53
ether
* volatile compound
* low vapor pressure, high boiling point
* general anesthesia - provides hypnosis, amnesia, immobility (not any others)
54
nitrous oxide
* volatile compound
* low vapor pressure, high boiling point
* low blood:gas partition coefficient
* not very soluble in blood
* need higher concentration for effects
* rapid induction and recovery
* incomplete anesthesia
55
halothane
enflurane
isoflurane
* volatile compound
* low vapor pressure, high boiling point
* high blood:gas partition coefficient
* soluble in blood
* requires lower concentration
* moderate induction and recovery phases
* complete anesthesia
56
flumazenil
* benzodiazepine antagonist
* reverses effects of benzodiazepines for emergency or quick recovery after a procedure
57
benzodiazepines used in anesthesia
* diazepam
* lorazepam (ativan)
* midazolam (versed)
* mid-long acting (10-30hrs)
* inhibits polysynaptic reflexes and skeletal neuromuscular junction at high doses
* good amnestic and anxiolytic, not good analgesic (on its own)
* side effects: synergizes with other sedatives
58
phenobarbital
* barbiturate - enhances GABA
* long-acting
* treats seizures
59
propofol
* replaced barbiturates
* increases GABA activity
* hypnotic, not analgesia, so must be given with other substances for GA
* general anesthesia
60
buspirone
* anxiolytic - some NE agonist action
* non-sedating, low abuse potential
61
paxil
* SSRI
* panic attacks
62
venlafaxin
* antidepressant
* panic attacks
63
adderal
* amphetamine - stimulant
* ADHD and ADD
64
ritalin
* methylphenidate - stimulant
* ADHD and ADD
65
atomoxetine (straterra)
* NE uptake inhibitor - non-stimulant
* ADHD and ADD
66
what is the treatment of autism spectrum disorders?
* atypical antipsychotics and SSRIs
* behavioral management
67
triazolam (halcion)
* benzodiazepine
* hypnotic - shorter acting
* chronic, moderately severe anxiety
68
lorazepam (ativan)
* benzodiazepine
* hypnotic - shorter acting
* chronic, moderately severe anxiety
69
diazepam (valium)
* benzodiazepine
* sedative - longer acting
* chronic, moderately severe anxiety
70
alprazolam (xanax)
* benzodiazepine
* sedative - longer acting
* chronic, moderately severe anxiety
71
zolpidem (ambien)
* benzodiazepine-like
* sleep aid
72
pentothal
* barbiturate - short acting
* enhances GABA
* anesthesia induction
73
M1 agonists
ACh, bethanechol, pilocarpine
74
M1 angatonists
atropine, scopolamine
75
M2 agonists
ACh, bethanechol, pilocarpine
76
M2 antagonist
atropine, scopolamine
77
M3 agonists
ACh, bethanechol, pilocarpine
78
M3 antagonists
atropine, scopolamine
79
Nm agonists
ACh
80
Nm antagonist
succinylcholine, d-tubocurarine
81
Nn agonist
ACh
82
Nn antagonist
mecamylamine, trimethaphan
83
alpha1 agonists
Epi \> NE
phenylephrine, methoxamine
84
alpha1 antagonist
prazosin, terazosin
85
alpha2 agonist
Epi \> NE
clonidine, guanfacine
86
alpha2 antagonist
yohimbine
87
beta1 agonist
Epi = NE
isoproterenol, dobutamine
88
beta1 antagonist
propan**_olol_**, aten**_olol_**, metopr**_olol_**
89
beta2 agonist
Epi \>\> NE
isoproterenol, albuterol, terbutaline
90
beta2 antagonist
propan**_olol_**
91
beta3 agonist
NE \> Epi
92
physostigmine
* cholinesterase inhibitor
* glaucoma, antidote for atropine poisoning
93
sarin
* cholinesterase inhibitor
* nerve gas
94
mechanism of succinylcholine
desensitizes the NM endplate by depolarizing it, so more ACh doesn't do anything
95
mechanism of tubocurarine
* competitive, so it prevents access of ACh to receptor, so the endplate doesn't depolarize
* skeletal muscle relaxant (Nm antagonist)
96
mechanism of botox
blocks the release of ACh at NM juntion
97
cevimelin
* cholinergic agonist
* xerostomia in sjogren's patients
98
pilocarpine
* cholinergic agonist
* xerostomia after radiation therapy
99
phenytoin
* classic ASD
* partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic)
* side effect: gingival hyperplasia, hirsuitism, rare hepatitis
100
carbamazepine
* classic ASD
* partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic)
* side effects: rare hepatitis
101
ethosuximide
* classic ASD
* uncomplicated absence seizures
102
valproic acid (valproate)
* classic ASD
* partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic), generalized onset tonic-clonic, absence + tonic-clonic
* side effects: rare hepatitis, alopecia
103
diazepam
* ASD
* status epilepticus
104
topiramate
* newer ASD
* partial seizures (simple, complex, secondarily generalized, tonic-clonic), generalized onset tonic-clonic
105
prostigmine
* acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
* myasthenia gravis
106
neostigmine
* acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
* myasthenia gravis
107
treatment of guillain-barre syndrome?
plasma exchange and/or steroids
108
thiopental/methohexital
* barbiturate - short acting
* no analgesia
* avoid intermittent porphyria (red blood cell disease - porphyrin accumulation in brain)
* thiopental - antiseizure
* methohexital - used in electro-convulsive therapy
109
ketamine
* NMDA antagonist (some DAT inhibition)
* dissociative analgesic - eyes remain open in a stare
* antidepressant effects
* side effects: hallucinations, abused
110
spasmolytics
* relieve spasmotic involuntary action of muscles
* back spasms
* diazepam-BDZ receptors
* baclofen - GABAB receptors (less sedation than BDZs)
* botulinum toxin
111
rocuronium
* skeletal muscle relaxant
* competitive antagonist - prevents access of ACh to receptor
* immobility
112
sugammadex
reverses rocuronium (acts as a scavenger)
113
disulfiram (antabuse)
* inhibits ALDH with resulting increase in acetaldehyde
* treats alcoholism
114
naltrexone
* µ opioid receptor antagonist
* treats alcoholism
* thought to decrease feelings of reward associated with drinking alcohol
115
acamprosate (campral)
* weak NMDA antagonist
* activates GABAA receptors which may decrease feeling of a need for alcohol
* treats alcoholism
116
phenylephrine
alpha 1 agonist
117
pseudoephedrine
alpha 1 agonist
118
prazosin
alpha 1 antagonist
119
terazosin
alpha 1 antagonist
120
phenoxybenzamine
alpha 1 antagonist
alpha 2 antagonist
121
phentolamine
alpha 1 antagonist
alpha 2 antagonist
122
clonidine
alpha 2 agonist
123
guanfacine
alpha 2 agonist
124
yohimbine
alpha 2 antagonist
125
isoproterenol
beta 1 agonist
beta 2 agonist
126
dobutamine
beta 1 agonist
127
propranolol
beta 1 antagonist
beta 2 antagonist
128
atenolol
beta 1 antagonist
129
metoprolol
beta 1 antagonist
130
albuterol
beta 2 agonist
131
terbutaline
beta 2 agonist
132
pilocarpine
muscarinic agonist
133
cevimeline
muscarinic agonist
134
bethanechol
muscarinic agonist
135
carbachol
muscarinic agonist
136
atropine
muscarinic antagonist
137
scopolamine
muscarinic antagonist
138
propantheline (probanthine)
muscarinic antagonist
139
trihexyphenidyl
muscarinic antagonist
140
succinylcholine
nicotinic antagonist
141
d-turbocurarine
nicotinic antagonist
142
mecamylamine
nicotinic antagonist
| (ganglion blocker)
143
sarin
acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
144
physostigmine
acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
145
donepezil
acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
146
edrophonium
acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
