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Osteopathic Skills > Exam I History > Flashcards

Exam I History Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

When was AT Still born?

A

August 6th, 1828 to Abraham and Martha Still in VA

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2
Q

What was his father’s job?

A

Minister and physician-learned under him as medical training at the time was apprenticeships

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3
Q

Was AT Still married?

A

Twice
1849
1860
Both died before him

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4
Q

When did AT Still move to KS?

A

1850

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5
Q

When did AT Still begin studying anatomy?

A

1855

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6
Q

1861-1864

A

Still serves in Union Army during Civil War as a hospital steward but did duties of a surgeon

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7
Q

1864

A

3 of his children die of spinal meningitis, then infant daughter dies with pneumonia

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8
Q

1864-1873

A

Returns to farming and begins thinking about osteopathic medicine-did not appreciate 19C medicine, sought a more effective approach

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9
Q

When did osteopathy begin?

A

June 22nd, 1874 at 10 am the banner flies

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10
Q

What happened that allowed Dr. Still to have access to so many cadavers in his study of anatomy?

A

Cholera epidemic 1855–> had access to Indian cadavers with tribal permission

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11
Q

Battle of Westport

A

Still was involved
Gettysburg of the West
October 23rd, 1864 at The Big Blue River
Ended the last significant Confederate operation West of the Mississippi
One of the largest Civil War battles fought west of the Mississippi (30,000 soldiers, 3,000 casualties total)

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12
Q

What did Claude Bernard develop in 1855?

A

The concept of homeostasis

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13
Q

What did E-J Marley develop in 1863

A

Sphygmograph

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14
Q

Joseph Lister 1865

A

Introduces phenol as a disinfectant

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15
Q

Death of Ignaz Semmelwieiss

A

Died of puerperal fever

Starts idea of washing hands between patients in 1847

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16
Q

Robert Koch 1876

A

Found bacterium that causes anthrax

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17
Q

Pasteur 1879

A

Disproved spontaneous generation of germs

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18
Q

Nils Finsen

A

Uses UV light as an antibacterial (Nobel Prize)

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19
Q

When were X rays first used?

A

1896

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20
Q

Who was the first surgeon to use sterile rubber gloves and in what year?

A

William Halstead in 1890

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21
Q

When was the first local anesthetic for surgery used?

A

1905

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22
Q

Four basic principles of osteopathic medicine

A

Body is a unit; body, mind, and spirit
Body is capable of self regulation, self healing, health maintenance
Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
Rational treatment is based on understanding of former three

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23
Q

Basic philosophy of osteopathic medicine as noted in the Kirksville consensus of 1953

A

Osteopathic medicine is a philosophy, science, and art
It’s philosophy embraces the concept of the unity of the body structure and function in health and disease
It’s science includes the chemical, physical, and biological sciences related to the maintenance of health and the prevention, cure and alleviation of disease
It’s art is the application of the philosophy and the science in the practice of osteopathic medicine and surgery in all its branches and specialties

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24
Q

What is health based on?

A

The natural capacity of human to resist and combat noxious influences and compensate for their effects; to meet with adequate reserve the usual stresses of daily life and occasional severe stress

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25
When does disease begin?
When the natural capacity is reduced or exceeded by noxious influence
26
What is the most important factor that impairs the capacity to resist and combat noxious influences?
Local disturbances/dysfunctions of the MSK system
27
Where did Still first introduce his ideas and how were they received?
Baker university | Only he found it helpful
28
Important life event in 1876
Still evicted from church because only Christ heals with “laying on of the hands” and moves to Kirksville, MO
29
Response to Stills practice in Kirksville
Becomes very popular by word of mouth, but the burden of practice grew quickly
30
How did Still deal with response?
Tried apprenticeships and operator classes for assistants but failed as they laced knowledge of anatomy and body function
31
When was the first school of osteopathy opened and what was its name? Faculty?
October 3, 1892, The American School of Osteopathy AT Still and William Smith (anatomy) 17 men and 5 women
32
What was the name of the organization that preceded the American Osteopathic Foundation?
American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO) in 1897
33
Dr. Adam Flexner
Authored a report on the state of medical education in the US in 1910. Harsh criticism led to the closure of many schools and state licensing board began enforcing stricter requirements
34
How did the osteopathic profession respond to the changes related to Dr. Flexner’s contribution?
8 DO schools left after report-instruction still labeled as worthless DO schools could not mere with large institutions which put the profession behind in the educational reform By 1930, all schools required 2 years of undergrad studies By 1960, 70% required an advance degree
35
What did the AOA revoke in 1916?
Ban on teaching of pharmacology at DO schools (opposed by Still)
36
1917-1918
Influenza epidemic-osteopathic care had a lower death rate than medical care
37
19C medicine
Heroic medicine-every effort made to “preserve the life force” Stimulants if pt is drowsy-alcohol Hypnotics if patient agitated-opium Effort aimed at “conquering” the disease/enough drugs will chase out the demons
38
1885
Coined term osteopathy (“bone”, “to suffer”)
39
1902
AOA adopted standards for approving osteopathic colleges
40
Osteopathy in the military
1917 profession mounts an effort to gain federal recognition and rights to serve in the military Supported by Teddy R. Surgeon general Gorgas vetoes and threatens to withdraw all MD’s
41
1941
DOs not yet able to serve in military Most hospitals not granting staff privileges to DOs Shortage of MDs in US during WWII Leads to rapid increase in # of DO hospitals in US
42
When could DOs serve in the military?
1957 (took 50 years)
43
When were DOs accepted by civil services as equal to MDs?
1963
44
Who was the first commissioned DO in the armed forces?
Harry Walter 1966
45
Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed in what year?
1977
46
Who received the first flag officer and in what year?
1983, Admiral Eske
47
Who was the first woman to receive a DO degree?
Jeanette Bolles
48
When was the National Osteopathic Women Physicians Association established?
1988
49
What percentage of total enrollment in osteopathic schools are women today?
40%
50
Louisa Burns
Foremost researcher in osteopathic medicine assisted by Ann Perry
51
Barbara Ross
First AA woman to be appointed dean of a US med school
52
Who was the first minority group president of the AOA?
Cuban born M. Olivia from 1988-1989
53
Year of first charter of ASO issued by MO
1892
54
When was the KC college of Osteopathy and surgery established and by who?
1916 | AA Kaiser and George Conley
55
When was Kirksville CO&S established?
1926 by merging ASO and AT Still CO&S
56
When was pharmacology allowed to be taught again?
1929
57
When did the AMA inspect osteopathic colleges through the Cline Committee?
1955 | Education is comparable but facilities are inadequate
58
Six new osteopathic congestion become university affiliated when?
1970’s | Michigan State was first in July 1971
59
What was the first state to recognize the practice of osteopathy and in what year?
Vermont | 1896
60
Cline committee report
Stopped DOs from being viewed as cult members and said they were equivalent to MDs
61
The California incident
1961 | A Cali public referendum prohibited the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state
62
What year did the College of Osteopathic Medicine of the pacific open?
1977
63
What was the last state to extend full practice rights to DOs?
1973 Mississippi
64
How many DOs does MO and KS have?
1800 in MO | 600 in KS
65
When were volunteer DOs accepted to all branches as officers?
1966
66
What percentage of active military medical officers are DOs?
10%
67
When did OWNA (women in osteopathic medicine) form?
1920
68
Why were scholarships given post WWI?
Decline of women applicants | Incentive to get women to apply
69
1988
National osteopathic women physicians association

Osteopathic Skills (2 decks)

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