Exam II

Question 1

remittent fever

Answer 1

daily elevated temp

returns to baseline but not normal

Question 2

intermittent fever

Answer 2

periodic fever

returns to both baseline and normal

Question 3

factitious fever

Answer 3

self-induced fever

Question 4

relapsing fever

Answer 4

multiple attacks lasting about 6 days separated by afebrile periods

Question 5

charcot’s intermittent fever

Answer 5

fever accompanied by chills, jaundace

Question 6

hectic fever

Answer 6

daily afternoon spike

usually seen in TB

Question 7

continued or sustained fever

Answer 7

fever of some duration without remissions

usually seen with gram- or sepsis or CNS damage

Question 8

ephemeral fever

Answer 8

febrile period lasting no more than one or two days

Question 9

essential fever

Answer 9

fever of unknown origin

temp of 100.4 for 3 weeks or longer without identifiable cause

Question 10

hyperpyrexia

Answer 10

temp greater than 105

CNS disorders of the thermoregulating centers

Question 11

hypothermia

Answer 11

temp below 98.6

chronic renal failure and patients receiving antipyretics and NSAIDs

Question 12

why is fever accompanied by increase in pulse?

Answer 12

increase amount of WBC

distribute heat

Question 13

tachycardia

Answer 13

pulse above 100

Question 14

bradycardia

Answer 14

pulse below 60

Question 15

most accessible artery closest to the heart?

Answer 15

carotid

Question 16

lower extremity pulse evaluates…?

Answer 16

arterial circulation

Question 17

upper extremity pulse evaluates…?

Answer 17

heart activity

Question 18

Which arteries are more susceptible to calcification?

Answer 18

carotid and femoral

Question 19

what are the descriptors used to describe pulse

Answer 19

rate
rhythm (regular/irregular)
amplitude (0-4)
contour (pliable)

Question 20

what are the descriptors used for respiration

Answer 20

rate
rhythm (regular/irregular)
depth (shallow/moderate/deep)

Question 21

normal adult respiration?

Answer 21

12-20 breaths per minute

Question 22

tachypnea is commonly seen in..?

Answer 22

patients with a PE

COPD patients

Question 23

bradypnea commonly seen in…?

Answer 23

hypothyroidism (MC)

CNS lesions

Question 24

pursed-lip breathing is commonly seen in…?

Answer 24

COPD

emphysema

Question 25

hyperpnea

Answer 25

increase in rate and tidal volume | ==>rapid and deep respiration

Question 26

Kussmaul breathing

Answer 26

type of hyperpnea seen in patients with metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Question 27

mnemonic for Kussmaul

Answer 27

``` MAKE up List methanol poisoning aspirin intoxication ketoacidosis ethylene glycol ingestion uremia paraldehyde administration lactic acidosis ```

Question 28

hypopnea

Answer 28

shallow respirations

Question 29

Pickwickin syndrome

Answer 29

hypoventilation seen in obese patients with excessive daytime sleepiness and elevated blood CO2

Question 30

apnea

Answer 30

absence of respiration for at least 20 seconds while awake or 30 while asleep

Question 31

where is apnea seen?

Answer 31

patients with neuromuscular dysfunction or airway obstruction interrupting REM sleep

Question 32

central apnea

Answer 32

neuromuscular dysfunction

Question 33

obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 33

airway obstruction

Question 34

orthopnea

Answer 34

upright respiration | MC seen in patients with CHF

Question 35

What is the "gold standard" for blood pressure?

Answer 35

direct measurement using a rigid wall catheter

Question 36

When does the needle bounce?

Answer 36

before sound

Question 37

phase 1

Answer 37

first appearance of faint, repetitive clear tapping sounds | systolic BP

Question 38

phase 2

Answer 38

sounds soften

Question 39

phase 3

Answer 39

return of sharper sounds

Question 40

phase 4

Answer 40

distinct muffling sounds | mid-diastolic

Question 41

phase 5

Answer 41

when all sounds finally disappear | diastolic pressure

Question 42

ascultatory gap

Answer 42

sounds may disappear altogether for a short time between phase 2 and 3

Question 43

the systolic number is a measurement of...?

Answer 43

cardiac output and how hard the heart is working to eject blood (SV)

Question 44

the diastolic number is a measurement of...?

Answer 44

peripheral vascular resistance (resting resistance)

Question 45

normal systolic ranges

Answer 45

100-140

Question 46

normal diastolic ranges

Answer 46

60-90

Question 47

what is considered HTN?

Answer 47

systolic greater than 140 | diastolic greater than 90

Question 48

blood pressure is lowest during...?

Answer 48

sleep

Question 49

systolic HTN is the most prevalent risk factor for...?

Answer 49

heart failure, stroke and kidney failure

Question 50

what is considered hypotension?

Answer 50

BP under 90/60

Question 51

what is pulse pressure

Answer 51

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures | normal is 30-40

Question 52

high pulse pressure suggests...?

Answer 52

reduced large artery vascular compliance

Question 53

what is the best blood pressure marker for CV risk?

Answer 53

widened pulse pressure

Question 54

a difference between arm pulses may be a clue to what?

Answer 54

aortic coarctation | anatomical variants

Question 55

how much variation in BP should be allowed between both arms?

Answer 55

10 mmHg