exam II - chapters 6 and 7 Flashcards
(31 cards)
deontology
a theory accessing the morality of an action in terms of duty or rightness itself
the store owner who was trying to decide whether or not to cheat her customers
she chose not to cheat her customers because it wouldn’t be right and didn’t want anyone else to go out and cheat their customers as a universal moral law
universal moral law
if it applies at all it has to apply to everybody in the same situation
autonomous lawmakers
a person who follows the categorical imperative
Kant’s Moral Theory “the Categorical Imperative”
a test to determine the right thing to do
5 criticisms of the Categorical Imperative
- consequences do count
- categorical imperative cannot solve conflict between two duties
- allows for a loop hole (can’t rob a bank because you are broke)
- concept of rational may ambiguous
- allows for no exceptions
means to an end approach`
tool or an instrument to achieve a goal, something instrumental value in the achievement of something with intrinsic value
“right to a person akin to a thing”
gray area between a person and a thing
internal lie
a lie you tell yourself
external lie
lie you tell someone else
3 definitions of equailty
fundamental
social
equal treatment for equals
fundamental equality
people should be treated as equals by their legal system and their government
social equality
idea of people being equal in a social setting
equal treatment for equals
when someone has a special need then he/she becomes an unequal who needs assistance to reach the level of an equal
Ronald Dworkin
rights can’t be traded for benefits
John Locke (libertarian)
introduced the idea that people have three negative rights: life, liberty, and property
John Locke (libertarian)
introduced the idea that people have three negative rights against the government: life, liberty, and property
Positive rights
right to receive (socialist viewpoint)
3 of the 5 common approaches to punishment are forward looking
deference, rehabilitation, incapacitation
2 of the 5 common approaches to punishment are backward looking
retribution and vengeance
types of justice
- distributive
- forward looking
- backward looking
- criminal/ lex talions
- restorative
- retributive
Ronald Dworkin argued their are two models for our political thinking about rights
- must seek a balance between the rights of the individual and the needs of a society
- basic rights should never be abridged because of possible harmful social conflicts
distributive
how to distribute the goods of society fairly
forward looking
focuses on future consequences
