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Physiology 2 > Exam II: Estrous Cycle > Flashcards

Exam II: Estrous Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ovary

A
  1. cortex

2. medulla

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2
Q

Which part of the ovary do follicles develop

A

cortex

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3
Q

What are the stages of follicular development?

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. secondary follicle
  4. antral follicle
  5. Primordial follicle
  6. Committed follicle
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4
Q

oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

A

Primordial follicle

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5
Q

Oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal cells

A

Primary follicle

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6
Q

OOcyte surrounded by two or more layers

A

Secondary follicle

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7
Q

Which follicle contains the zona pellucida

A

Secondary follicle

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8
Q

Which stage of follicle formation has a fluid filled cavity

A

Antral follicle

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9
Q

Which stage of follicle formation is the origin of oocytes and granulosa cells?

A

Primordial follicle

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10
Q

Which stage of folliculogenesis contains 20-30 Follicles growing each day?

A

Committed follicle

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11
Q

Is the committed follicle GnrH Dependent or independent?

A

Independent

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12
Q

Pool of inactive primordial follicles

A

Resting pool

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13
Q

once a follicle commences development from the resting pool it is known as:

A

Committed follicle

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14
Q

Follicular development up to development of ______ is independent of FSH or LH.

A

Antrum

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15
Q

Connective tissue of the antral follicle

A

theca externa

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16
Q

3 components of the antral follicle

A
  1. Theca externa
  2. Theca interna
  3. Granulosa cells
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17
Q

Part of the antral follicle that produces androgens under LH stimulation

A

Theca Interna

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18
Q

Part of Antral follicle that produces estrogen, inhibin, and follicular fluid, and is responsive to FSH.

A

Granulosa cells

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19
Q

Structure left immediately after ovulation

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

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20
Q

Theca interna and granulosa cells proliferate to fill the cavity, differentiate into luteal cells, and produce progesterone

A

Corpus luteum (CL)

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21
Q

Cells of the CL that form from Granulosa cells and secrete oxytocin and relaxin

A

Large luteal cells

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22
Q

Remnant of old corpus luteum

A

Corpus albicans

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23
Q

Ovarian follicles become gonadotrophin dependent at which stage?

a. Primordial
b. Primary
c. Secondary
d. Antral

A

d. antral

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24
Q

What are the 3 centers of the Hypothalamus?

A
  1. Tonic GnRH center
  2. Surge Center
  3. Paraventricular nucleus
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25
Center of the hypothalamus that is responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge.
Surge center
26
In which center of the hypothalamus is oxytocin synthesized?
Paraventricular nucleus
27
T/F. GnRH affects the anterior pituitary directly.
T
28
What are the 7 effects of Estrogen?
1. Thickening of vag. mucosa 2. Mucus secretion 3. Epithelial mitosis in endometrium 4. Inc. secretory and ciliary beat activity in tubule cells 5. Endometrial edema 6. Myometrial activity 7. Estrous behavior
29
What 4 things contribute to ovulation
1. LH surge 2. Theca interna cells produce progesterone rather than androstenedione 3. collagenase 4. prostaglandins
30
Progesterone is produced by: a. the ovarian follicle b. The corpus luteum c. The endometrium d. The hypothalamus e. The pituitary
b. The CL
31
What are the 3 effects of progesterone?
1. inc. endometrial secretion 2. Reduced myometrial activity 3. Priming effect in brain to enhance effects of estrogen
32
The structural and functional degradation of the CL that occurs at the end of the luteal phase in the absence of pregnancy
Luteolysis
33
What hormones cause Luteolysis?
PGF2a from endometrium | oxytocin
34
Which species have ipsilateral luteolysis
Ruminants
35
Which species have systemic luteolysis
mare and sow
36
Which species have both systemic and counter-current luteolysis
camelids
37
what is melatonin synthesized from?
tryptophan
38
Melatonin _inc/dec_ GnRH release in short day breeders
Inc.
39
Example of short day breeders
Sm. ruminants
40
Melatonin _inc/dec_ GnRH release in long day breeders
Dec.
41
Example of long day breeders
Horse
42
The acquisition of capability of sexual repro.
Puberty
43
T/F. Puberty and sexual maturation are the same thing
F
44
T/F. The pulse generator is dormant in juveniles
T
45
_____ and _____have a negative effect on GnRH release and pulsatility
GABA | NPY - Neuropeptide Y
46
____ has a positive effect on GnRH signaling and is a mediator of GnRH signaling
Kisspeptin
47
Adipocyte hormone that can precipitate puberty
Leptin
48
T/F. inc. leptin may mediate onset of puberty
T
49
What causes the preovulatory GnRH surge?
Positive feedback of estradiol
50
T/F Melatonin in sheep inc. GnRH secretion
T
51
Period from the begining of one estrus to the begining of the next
Estrous cycle
52
What are the 3 phases of the estrous cycle?
1. Follicular phase 2. luteal phase 3. Quiescent phase (anestrus)
53
T/F. Estrus is defined hormonally?
F. Behaviorally
54
What 3 ways can you classify Estrous cycles based on cycle length
1. polyestrous 2. Monestrous 3. Seasonally polyestrous
55
What two ways can you classify estrous cycles based on ovulation
1. spontaneous ovulators | 2. induced ovulators
56
What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do cows have?
Polyestrous, Spontaneous ovulators
57
What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do dogs have?
Monestrous, spontaneous ovulators
58
What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do horses have>
Seasonally polyestrous | spontaneous ovulators
59
What type of estrous and ovulation cycle do sheep have?
seasonally polyestrous | spontaneous ovulators
60
What are the two categories of seasonally polyestrus animals
short day breeders (fall) | long day breeders (spring)
61
What are the 2 phases of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
1. proestrus | 2. estrus
62
What is occuring during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
Developing follicles
63
What hormones dominates the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
Estrogen
64
What does the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle encompass?
From ovulation to CL regression
65
What hormone dominates the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
Progesterone
66
How long is the estrous cycle in a cow
21 days
67
what are the 4 phases of the estrous cycle in cows
proestrus estrus metestrus diestrus
68
Signs of estrus in cow
1. standing to be mounted 2. inc. activity 3. dec. milk yeild 4. clear vaginal mucous 5. bellowing 6. swollen vulva
69
What are the 4 waves of follicular growth?
1. Recruitment 2. Selection 3. Dominance 4. Atresia
70
Estrous cycle length in ewe?
17 days
71
Signs of estrous in ewe?
1. seek out ram | 2. vulvar edema
72
When do doe's reach puberty?
6-8 months
73
How long is the estrous cycle in doe?
20 days
74
How can you ditect estrus in doe?
1. swollen vulva 2. side to side tail movement 3. vag. mucous
75
Estrous cycle length in sow
21 days
76
Estrous cycle length in mare
21 days
77
T/F In mares there is low estrogen during estrus instead of estrogen
T
78
Estrous cycle length in dog
6 months
79
What are the 4 phases of the dog estrous cycle?
1. proetsrus 2. estrus 3. diestrus 4. anestrus

Physiology 2 (19 decks)

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