Exam II: Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

What does theh pericardium cover??

Answer 1

the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

Question 2

What does the pericardium fuse with?

Answer 2

the tunica adventitia of the Superior Vena Cava, ascending aorta and the pulmonary arteries

Question 3

What anchors teh inferior part of the percardium?

Answer 3

the central tendon to theh diaphragm.

Question 4

What anchors the pericaridum anteriorly?

Answer 4

sternopericardial ligaments.

Question 5

What are some posterior contacts of the pericardium?

Answer 5

esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, and the main bronchi.

Question 6

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 6

Fibrous Pericardium:

Serous pericardium:
- parietal and the viisceral pleura

Question 7

what is the functioon of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 7

prevents sudden overfilling because of it ability to retain the hearts location.

Question 8

What is another word for visceral percardia?

Answer 8

epicardium.

Question 9

What sites exists where the myocardium is open to the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 9

at the vena cavae and the pulmonary veins.

Question 10

Steps of the development of the heart:

Answer 10

1. primordial heart tuube
2. it begins to fold like a “bandanna sac” forming the primordial transverse pericardial sinus.
3. at the end the vessels are up top and apeex at the bottom.

the only sinus left is the transverse pericardial sinus.

Question 11

What separates teh venous end (posterior) and the arterial end anterior.

Answer 11

transverse sinus.

in surgery this can be used to stop the blood flow.

Question 12

What forms the oblique pericardial sinus?

Answer 12

Where the SVC and IVC enter the heart

Question 13

What is the function of the pericardial sinus?

Answer 13

assists with frictionless movement of the heart in the pericardial sinus.

Question 14

True or false, the epicardium is insensitive to pain:

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Pericarditis

Answer 15

inflamation of the pericardium

Question 16

Pericardial Effusion

Answer 16

abnormal amount of fluid and abnormal type of fluid

Question 17

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 17

causes heart not to pump as effective since there is a build up of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac.

Question 18

sinus venarum

Answer 18

the thin walled section of the atrium that recieve the vena cava and the coronary sinus

Question 19

cristae terminalis

Answer 19

divides the thin sinus venarum from the thicker pectinate muscles

Question 20

Fossa ovalis i

Answer 20

a fetal remnant of the foramen ovale. Interatrial septum.

Question 21

What is the valve between the right artrium and the right ventricle

Answer 21

tricuspid valve.

Question 22

trabeculae carneae

Answer 22

irregular muscle elevations on the internal wall of the heart.

Question 23

What are the two parts of the interventricular septum?

Answer 23

muscular part and membraneous part

Question 24

Conus arteriosus

Answer 24

cone like funnel of the right ventricle that leads to the pulmonary trunk.

Question 25

cordae tendineae and papillary muscles

Answer 25

the tendenous and muscular components and active parts of the tricuspid valve.

Question 26

What is filling during diastole?

Answer 26

the ventricles from the atriums, so the tricuspid and the mitral valves are open.

Question 27

What is happening in systole?

Answer 27

the ventricles are contracting and sending out the blood. The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic valves are open.

Question 28

What opens into the left atrium.

Answer 28

The four pulmonary veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 29

What is the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Answer 29

the mitral valve

Question 30

True or false, the trabeculae cardnae of the left ventrile are finer and more abundant, making it thicker.

Answer 30

very very very true

Question 31

aortic vestibule

Answer 31

the narrowing and smoth part of the ventricle that leads to the aorta.

Question 32

What is the most commonly diseased valve of the heart?

Answer 32

the mitral valve. may form nodules and is most likely to have prolapse.

Question 33

nodule of semi lunar valve

Answer 33

anchoring in shut position

Question 34

lunule of semilunar valve

Answer 34

the connective tissue (rim) of the semilunar valve

Question 35

The coronary artery branches directly of of what?

Answer 35

the aortic sinus of the ascending aorta.