Exam II Microbiology: Chapter 6 Flashcards
(35 cards)
an organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form
Heterotroph
an organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source
Has the capacity to convert CO2 into organic compounds
Not nutritionally dependent on other living things
Autotroph
Bacteria that live under extreme pressure
These bacteria are so strictly adapted to high pressures that they will rupture when exposed to normal atmospheric pressure.
Barophiles
prefer high concentration of salt
Halophiles
live in habitats with high solute concentration
Osmophiles
require very high levels of salt to grow
Extreme halophiles
require moderate to high levels of salt to grow
Obligate halophiles
can grow in moderate levels of salt but can also grow without it
Example: Staphyloccocus
Facultative halophiles
organisms that thrive in acidic environments
Acidophiles
grows in acid pools between pH 0 and 1
Euglena mutabilis
lives in coal piles at a pH of 1 or 2
Thermoplasma
thrives at a pH of 7, but can live at a pH of 0
Picrophilus
organisms that thrive in alkaline conditions
Alkalinophiles
Euglena mutabilis
Thermoplasma
Picrophilus
are examples of?
Acidophiles
live in hot pools and soils at pH 12
Natromonas
can create alkaline conditions to neutralize urine and colonize and infect the urinary system
Proteus
Natromonas
Proteus
are examples of?
Alkalinophiles
organisms that grow best at a higher CO2 tension than is normally present in the atmosphere
Capnophiles
What grows optimally at temperatures greater than 45°C, lives in soil and water associated with volcanic activity, compost piles, and in habitats directly exposed to the sun?
Also varies in heat requirements with a range of growth of 45°C to 80°C
Thermophile
Majority of medically significant microorganisms
Grow at intermediate temperatures between 20°C and 40°C
Inhabit animals and plants as well as soil and water in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions
Human pathogens have optimal temperatures between 30°C and 40°C
are examples of?
Mesophiles
Grow slowly in the cold but have an optimum temperature between 15°C and 30°C
Psychrotrophs
Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes are able to grow at refrigerator temperatures and cause food-borne disease. They are examples of?
Psychrotrophs
Storage at refrigerator temperature incubates rather than inhibits them
Natural habitats of psychrophilic bacteria, fungi, and algae are lakes, rivers, snowfields, polar ice, and the deep ocean.
Rarely pathogenic
What am I?
Psychrophiles
unable to grow outside of a living host
Obligate parasites