Marriage & Family > Exam II Review > Flashcards

Exam II Review Flashcards

(69 cards)

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0
Q

Define gender

A

The sex that one most closely identifies with

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1
Q

Define sex

A

The biological characteristics of male or female

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2
Q

Define sexual orientation

A

Romantic or sexual partners of choice

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3
Q

Sexual scripts

A

Norms rules and guidelines regarding sexual behavior

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4
Q

Newly married couples’ sexual frequency was about ______ times weekly, but after the first year this number dropped to about _______ times per week.

A

3, 1-2

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5
Q

Marital infidelity

A

Romantic or sexual relationship with someone outside of a marriage

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6
Q

Four horsemen

A

Criticism
Contempt
Defensiveness
Withdrawal

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7
Q

Types of conflict

A

Pseudo conflict
Content conflict
Value conflict
Ego conflict

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8
Q

Theories of power and empirical support

A

Resource theory
Principle of least theory
Relative love and need theory
Doing gender

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9
Q

Where do Arranged marriages occur?

A

South Asia, India, Egypt, China

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10
Q

Coontz’s Myths about Marriage (3)

A

People don’t value marriage the same way we used to

Married women who work put in second shift at home

Married couples are building blocks of community life

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11
Q

2 Perspectives on marriage today

A

Marital decline: institution of marriage is being threatened by individualistic needs and pursuit of personal happiness

Marital resilience: marriages today aren’t any weaker than in the past; real threat is social problems we face

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12
Q

Marriage rates in US
How many adults in US at any given time are married?
What percentage of Americans support same sex marriage?

A

Just over 1/2

Just over 1/2

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13
Q

The marriage premium

A

Psychological, physical and economic well being that Married people have

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14
Q

Marital satisfaction over time
Pattern?
Reasons for decline

A

Inverted j over a lifetime

Time effect, more realistic expectations, hassles of daily life and children

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15
Q

Intersexed

A

Anyone born with non standard sexual anatomy

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16
Q

Transgender

A

Person feels just as comfortable or more so in expressing gender traits associated with the other biological sex

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17
Q

Transsexual

A

Person feels there is a mismatch between self concept and anatomy may have sexual reassignment surgery

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18
Q

How are sexual scripts learned?

A

Media
Parents
Partners

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19
Q

What are some more contemporary sexual scripts?

A

Both partners involved and honest, both willing to hear other partners needs

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20
Q

What percent of all couples reported satisfaction with their sexual relationships?

A

90%

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21
Q

Does sexual satisfaction differ with sexual frequency? How?

A

Yes. Sexual satisfaction is more associated with the quality of communication rather than the frequency

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22
Q

Types of marital infidelity

A 
Conflict avoiders 
Intimacy avoiders 
Sexual addiction 
Split self affairs 
Exit affairs
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23
Q

Conflict avoiders

A

Difficult time working through conflict

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24
Intimacy avoiders
Have trouble getting close to one another
25
Sexual addiction
Using sexual behavior to numb inner pain
26
Split self affair
Being somewhat satisfied but feel like own emotional needs have not been satisfied; deciding between two relationships
27
Exit affair
Using affair as a way to get out whenever one foot is already out the door in the relationship
28
Open marriage
Consensual affairs between other people are allowed
29
What percentage of men and women will engage in infidelity at one point in a marriage?
25% of men | 15% of women
30
In a given year, what percentage of men and women will engage in infidelity?
12% of men | 7% of women
31
Where are we seeing trends in infidelity?
Adults over age 60 and under age 35 seem to have increasing rates of infidelity
32
Avg age for men to have affairs
55
33
Average age for women to have affairs
45
34
What percentage of couples split after infidelity occurs?
70%
35
Divorce proneness
Thinking about possibility of divorce
36
Does low marital satisfaction put couples at risk for infidelity?
Not necessarily
37
Who is more likely to feel guilty about an affair?
Women
38
What percentage of teens actually use privacy?
50%
39
A 2005 UK study on adolescence found that ___% reported they had been bullied or threatened via electronic communication, and ____% reported being the bully
20%, 11%
40
Adolescence are how much more likely to be bullied online if they are bullied at school?
7x more likely
41
Gottman's styles of marital interaction
Regulators: validating, volatile and conflict avoidant Non regulators: hostile and detached
42
What did Gottman find as a predictor of a poor quality marriage?
How we work through conflict and resolve it rather than conflict frequency
43
Characteristics and risks of validating couples
Let partner know their opinion is valid in disagreements Use linguistic cues and mirror expressions Compromise together Tend to be good friends, like being around each other Hold more typical gender roles Risks: sometimes passion and independence can be sacrificed when too focus on the relationship
44
Characteristics/risks of volatile couples
Fight on grand scale but have a grand time making up afterwards Very open about feelings High level of emotional engagement Lots of interrupting More laughter See themselves as equal risks- so much fighting can end the relationship feelings may get hurt; may escalate to violence
45
Gottman's magic ratio
5:1 Show interest, respect, empathy, affection, appreciation, humor, love, and care
46
Finding a partner freedom vs constraint
Can I really marry anyone I want? Social pressure influences mate choice
47
Marriage squeeze
After WWII men had more women to choose from than women did men
48
Marriage gradient
Informal norms based on power differentials; women engrossed to marry up while men encouraged to marry down
49
Choosing a partner: personal qualities, what do men and women favor here?
Physical attractiveness, mutual attraction, dependable character, emotional stability, maturity men favor good looks, women favor economic potential
50
Traditional perspectives of arranged marriages
Love matches and arranged
51
What differences were found in the study on arranged couples vs love matched couples?
None
52
Marriage in colonial America Native Americans Blacks Whites
NA: nuclear, extended, kinship networks blacks: declined marriage, more split up due to slavery Whites: patriarchal, everyone worked hard to provide
53
Marriage in 19th century Native Americans Blacks Whites
NA: trail of tears in 1830s, 1/4 died Blacks: marrying rights from 13th amendment Whites: emergence of traditional family form, children treated more like children, education and leisure
54
Marriage during 20th century, after industrial revolution Whites Blacks
60-70% of white families had traditional form Baby boomers Blacks: redlining, declined access, limited in wealth
55
Endogamy vs exogamy
Marrying within one's group | Marrying outside one's group
56
People don't value marriage the way they used to
Argues that modern Americans put less of an emphasis on marriage organizing every part of our lives, but that we put more value on it as a relationship based on fairness
57
Poll: how many Americans thought divorce was wrong, and how many thought affairs were wrong?
1/4 divorce is wrong | 92% affairs are wrong
58
Choosing not to parent | What percentage of women?
20%
59
Adoption types
``` Closed or open Public or private Independent National International ```
60
Belsky and cox study patterns of change Marital satisfaction in parenthood
Couples satisfaction declines across transition to parenthood, certain types of couples changed in different ways
61
Belsky and cox study problems
``` Division of labor Money Relationship difficulties and sex frequency drop Career and work Social life ```
62
Married women put in second shift at home
Argues that the second shift doesn't equal 9 hours and can be misleading; we find that men and women work about the same however men are paid for theirs and women are not
63
Married couples are building blocks of community life
Married parents spend more time with children than they did in the 60s; people who are more engaged in extended family are more often I married and married couples spend less Time giving back to community
64
Decision to not have children
Is a process that occurs across childbearing years and is considered multiple times
65
What did the McQuillan study on childless women find?
Found that women who were most concerned with being childless were those who said they had the least control over getting pregnant and placed higher importance on motherhood
66
Belsky and Cox study | Decliners and improvers
Decliners tended to report less love and communication and more conflict in relationship Improvers was a subgroup that reported greater marital satisfaction, higher love and commitment and less conflict
67
How much did sex frequency drop during first year of parenthood? Social life?
30-40% 40%
68
Belsky and Cox characteristics of successful couples
``` Expectations Gender ideologies Team vs self focus Conflict management Emotionality ```

Marriage & Family (3 decks)

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