Exam II Study Guide Flashcards by Alex Olsen

beneificial to both organisms

mutualism

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one organism benefits while the other is unharmed

commensalism

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free living and parasitic existence during its life cycle

facultative parasite

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completely dependent upon their host for existence

obligate parasite

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cause infections

endoparasites

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cause infestation (fleas)

ectoparasites

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host in which the sexual, adult, stage of the life cycle occurs

definitive host

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host in which the asexual (larval) stage of the life cycle occurs

intermediate host

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animals other than man which harbor human parasites

serves as a source of infection

reservoir host

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source of infection (could be reservoir)
mode of transmission (vector)
presence of susceptible host (whose resistance and habits are conducive to this becoming infected)

Requirements for transmission of a parasitic infection

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Functions of ectoplasm

movement
ingestion
excretion
respiration
protection

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Functions of endoplasm

nutrition
reproduction-mitosis
digestion

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Sarcodina (amoeba) motility

pseudopods

fake feet;extension of cytoplasm

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Mastigophora motility

flagella

“whip-bearing”

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Ciliata motility

cilia

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Sporozoa motility

non-motile in adult stage

motile in microgametes

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Most important parasitic amoeba
invasive-may contain ingested RBC
lives in large intestine (colon)
one nucleus with central karyosome
even-staining peripheral chromatin

cyst- up to 4 nuclei, cigar shaped chromatoidal bars

Entamoeba histolytica

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Resembles E. histolytica, but no cyst stage

Entamoeba gingivalis

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Lives in large intestine
one nucleus with eccentric karyosome
uneven peripheral chromatin
contains ingested bacteria

cyst- up to 8 nuclei, irregular chromatoid bars with splintered ends

Entamoeba coli

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Lives in colon
irregular eccentric karyosome - “lump of coal” - in both troph and cyst

cyst - up to 4 nuclei, NO chromatoidal bars

Endolimax nana

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Non-pathogen

looks exactly like entamoeba histolytica, but Smaller

Entamoeba hartmanii

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most easily recognized in the cyst form by the presence of large glycogen body that stains brown with Iodine

Iodamoeba butchlii

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Slight pathogen
causing mild diarrhea
ONLY amoeba with two nuclei in troph stage
No cyst stage

Dientamoeba fragilis

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leyden crystals - refractile, long spicules
produced by trauma to GI tract
granules of ruptured eosinophils
indicative of the presence of intestinal parasites

Study These Flashcards

Charcot

Free living amoeba can cause rapidly fatal form of meningitis found in stagnant water(ponds) best observed in CSF with hemacytometer

Naegleria fowlerii

``` Only parasitic class of Ciliata parasite of hogs ciliated trophozoite funnel shaped depression kidney bean shaped macronucleus pear shaped micronucleus ``` Cyst - large but more rounded, lacks external cilia

Balantidium coli

``` most important parasitic flagellete lives in duodenum troph is bilaterally symmetrical oval concave ventral sucking disc two nuclei, rod-like axostyle falling - leaf motility, flagella ``` cyst - up to 4 nuclei, oval

Giardia lamblia | *monkey face, mild pathogen*

Non pathogen commensal flagellate troph with a distinct curve to its body single nucleus and cytosome cyst - lemon-shaped, single nucleus and a cytosome

Chilomastix mesnili

Most common and largest species of Trichomonas inhabits urogenital system prominent undulating membrane NO cyst stage sexually transmitted, isolated from urine(female) more frequently than feces

Trichomonas vaginalis

keeps organism in rigid shape, provides support

axostyle

cell mouth

cytosome

aids in movement, outer edge of some flagella

undulating membrane

controls movement of flagella

blepharoplast

``` member of the class sporozoa cocidian lives in intestine of man and other animals ```

Isospora belli

crithidal form | leptomonad form

insect for host

``` L-D form associated with human infection single eccentric nucleus intracellular axosome vertebrate host ```

leishmanial form

``` associated with human infection long anterior flagella central nucleus undulating membrane vertebrate host ```

trypansomal form

Four morphological forms of blood flagellates

crithidial leptomonad leishmanial trypansomal

Which form is also known as the Donovan (L-D) body?

leishmanial form

All Leishmania (as well as Trypansoma cruzi) occur in man as what intracellular inclusion in macrophages? What is their main host of invertebrate host?

L-D bodies | several species of sandflies (Phlebotomas)

What two species of Trypansoma causes sleeping sickness, are transmitted by the tsetse fly and can affect the CNS in chronic form?

T. gambiensie | T. rhodesiense

Is motile at only one point in its life cycle; microgametocytes(male sex cell) undergoes exflagellation, the sperm produced possess flagella for a brief period until fertilization occurs

Plasmodium

Pathology and symptoms of malaria

severe complications due to P. falciparum are due to vascular obstructions caused by "sticky" parasites in capillary beds; this form is known as Blackwater fever due to the severe hematuria that occurs. symptoms - cyclic chills, fever, headache, muscular ache, nausea

What is confused with P. falciparum due to the ring forms of the trophozoite in the peripheral blood? Why is it necessary to distinguish the two?

Babesia microti | malarial drugs are toxic and are of no benefit in the treatment of infections caused by Babesia

-Transmitted by contact with infected cat feces causes asymptomatic infection in pregnant woman which can result in congenital toxoplasmosis, leading to death or retardation of fetus -Can grow in lab, in lab mice, but is diagnosed by serolgical techniques; significant rise in titre must be demonstrated; Sabin-Feldman dye test

Toxoplasma gondii

causative agent of a leading cause of death among AIDS patients; intersitial plasma cell pneumonia likely to infect patients who are immunocompromised (Hodgkins disease, treatment of leukemia or cancer pt, pt on drug therapy or due to infection with HIV)

Pneumocystis carinii

intestinal sporozoan can cause mild GI disturbances easily identified by performing acid fast stain on dried smears of concentrated fecal specimens; oocysts of this organism are acid fast

Cryptosporidium

Espundia mucocutaneous leishmaniasis sandfly vector

Leishmania braziliensis | -aka and vector matching-

Oriental/Tropical sore Baghdad/Dehli boil cutaneous Leishmaniasis sandfly vector

Leishmania tropica

Chaga's trypanosomiasis visceral Leishmaniasis kissing/reduviid bug vector

Trypanosoma cruzi | *L-D bodies in tissue;visceral organs*

West African/Gambian sleeping sickness | tsetse fly vector

Trypanosoma gambiense

East African/Rhodesian sleeping sickness | tsetse fly vector

Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Kala-azar | sand fly vector

Leishmania donovani

most common species of malaria; enlarged RBC-prefers to infect retics irregular in shape with ameboid extensions Shuffner's dots or granules

Plasmodium vivax | -morphology matching-

RBC appears enlarged oval shape cells irregular or fibriated edge on RBC

Plasmodium ovale

resembles rosette or daisy band shape trophozoites multiple meroizoites

Plasmodium malariae

applique forms multiple ring forms(such as split-ring) cresent shaped Mauer's dots or granules

Plasmodium falciparum

Name the three species with no cyst stage

Entamoeba gingicalis Dientamoeba fragilis Trichomonas sp.

Exam II Study Guide Flashcards

(58 cards)