Exam II Study Guide Flashcards

(58 cards)

1
Q

beneificial to both organisms

A

mutualism

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2
Q

one organism benefits while the other is unharmed

A

commensalism

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3
Q

free living and parasitic existence during its life cycle

A

facultative parasite

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4
Q

completely dependent upon their host for existence

A

obligate parasite

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5
Q

cause infections

A

endoparasites

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6
Q

cause infestation (fleas)

A

ectoparasites

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7
Q

host in which the sexual, adult, stage of the life cycle occurs

A

definitive host

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8
Q

host in which the asexual (larval) stage of the life cycle occurs

A

intermediate host

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9
Q

animals other than man which harbor human parasites

serves as a source of infection

A

reservoir host

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10
Q

source of infection (could be reservoir)
mode of transmission (vector)
presence of susceptible host (whose resistance and habits are conducive to this becoming infected)

A

Requirements for transmission of a parasitic infection

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11
Q

Functions of ectoplasm

A
movement
ingestion
excretion
respiration
protection
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12
Q

Functions of endoplasm

A

nutrition
reproduction-mitosis
digestion

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13
Q

Sarcodina (amoeba) motility

A

pseudopods

fake feet;extension of cytoplasm

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14
Q

Mastigophora motility

A

flagella

“whip-bearing”

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15
Q

Ciliata motility

A

cilia

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16
Q

Sporozoa motility

A

non-motile in adult stage

motile in microgametes

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17
Q
Most important parasitic amoeba
invasive-may contain ingested RBC
lives in large intestine (colon)
one nucleus with central karyosome
even-staining peripheral chromatin

cyst- up to 4 nuclei, cigar shaped chromatoidal bars

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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18
Q

Resembles E. histolytica, but no cyst stage

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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19
Q

Lives in large intestine
one nucleus with eccentric karyosome
uneven peripheral chromatin
contains ingested bacteria

cyst- up to 8 nuclei, irregular chromatoid bars with splintered ends

A

Entamoeba coli

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20
Q

Lives in colon
irregular eccentric karyosome - “lump of coal” - in both troph and cyst

cyst - up to 4 nuclei, NO chromatoidal bars

A

Endolimax nana

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21
Q

Non-pathogen

looks exactly like entamoeba histolytica, but Smaller

A

Entamoeba hartmanii

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22
Q

most easily recognized in the cyst form by the presence of large glycogen body that stains brown with Iodine

A

Iodamoeba butchlii

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23
Q

Slight pathogen
causing mild diarrhea
ONLY amoeba with two nuclei in troph stage
No cyst stage

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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24
Q

leyden crystals - refractile, long spicules
produced by trauma to GI tract
granules of ruptured eosinophils
indicative of the presence of intestinal parasites

25
Free living amoeba can cause rapidly fatal form of meningitis found in stagnant water(ponds) best observed in CSF with hemacytometer
Naegleria fowlerii
26
``` Only parasitic class of Ciliata parasite of hogs ciliated trophozoite funnel shaped depression kidney bean shaped macronucleus pear shaped micronucleus ``` Cyst - large but more rounded, lacks external cilia
Balantidium coli
27
``` most important parasitic flagellete lives in duodenum troph is bilaterally symmetrical oval concave ventral sucking disc two nuclei, rod-like axostyle falling - leaf motility, flagella ``` cyst - up to 4 nuclei, oval
Giardia lamblia | *monkey face, mild pathogen*
28
Non pathogen commensal flagellate troph with a distinct curve to its body single nucleus and cytosome cyst - lemon-shaped, single nucleus and a cytosome
Chilomastix mesnili
29
Most common and largest species of Trichomonas inhabits urogenital system prominent undulating membrane NO cyst stage sexually transmitted, isolated from urine(female) more frequently than feces
Trichomonas vaginalis
30
keeps organism in rigid shape, provides support
axostyle
31
cell mouth
cytosome
32
aids in movement, outer edge of some flagella
undulating membrane
33
controls movement of flagella
blepharoplast
34
``` member of the class sporozoa cocidian lives in intestine of man and other animals ```
Isospora belli
35
crithidal form | leptomonad form
insect for host
36
``` L-D form associated with human infection single eccentric nucleus intracellular axosome vertebrate host ```
leishmanial form
37
``` associated with human infection long anterior flagella central nucleus undulating membrane vertebrate host ```
trypansomal form
38
Four morphological forms of blood flagellates
crithidial leptomonad leishmanial trypansomal
39
Which form is also known as the Donovan (L-D) body?
leishmanial form
40
All Leishmania (as well as Trypansoma cruzi) occur in man as what intracellular inclusion in macrophages? What is their main host of invertebrate host?
L-D bodies | several species of sandflies (Phlebotomas)
41
What two species of Trypansoma causes sleeping sickness, are transmitted by the tsetse fly and can affect the CNS in chronic form?
T. gambiensie | T. rhodesiense
42
Is motile at only one point in its life cycle; microgametocytes(male sex cell) undergoes exflagellation, the sperm produced possess flagella for a brief period until fertilization occurs
Plasmodium
43
Pathology and symptoms of malaria
severe complications due to P. falciparum are due to vascular obstructions caused by "sticky" parasites in capillary beds; this form is known as Blackwater fever due to the severe hematuria that occurs. symptoms - cyclic chills, fever, headache, muscular ache, nausea
44
What is confused with P. falciparum due to the ring forms of the trophozoite in the peripheral blood? Why is it necessary to distinguish the two?
Babesia microti | malarial drugs are toxic and are of no benefit in the treatment of infections caused by Babesia
45
-Transmitted by contact with infected cat feces causes asymptomatic infection in pregnant woman which can result in congenital toxoplasmosis, leading to death or retardation of fetus -Can grow in lab, in lab mice, but is diagnosed by serolgical techniques; significant rise in titre must be demonstrated; Sabin-Feldman dye test
Toxoplasma gondii
46
causative agent of a leading cause of death among AIDS patients; intersitial plasma cell pneumonia likely to infect patients who are immunocompromised (Hodgkins disease, treatment of leukemia or cancer pt, pt on drug therapy or due to infection with HIV)
Pneumocystis carinii
47
intestinal sporozoan can cause mild GI disturbances easily identified by performing acid fast stain on dried smears of concentrated fecal specimens; oocysts of this organism are acid fast
Cryptosporidium
48
Espundia mucocutaneous leishmaniasis sandfly vector
Leishmania braziliensis | -aka and vector matching-
49
Oriental/Tropical sore Baghdad/Dehli boil cutaneous Leishmaniasis sandfly vector
Leishmania tropica
50
Chaga's trypanosomiasis visceral Leishmaniasis kissing/reduviid bug vector
Trypanosoma cruzi | *L-D bodies in tissue;visceral organs*
51
West African/Gambian sleeping sickness | tsetse fly vector
Trypanosoma gambiense
52
East African/Rhodesian sleeping sickness | tsetse fly vector
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
53
Kala-azar | sand fly vector
Leishmania donovani
54
most common species of malaria; enlarged RBC-prefers to infect retics irregular in shape with ameboid extensions Shuffner's dots or granules
Plasmodium vivax | -morphology matching-
55
RBC appears enlarged oval shape cells irregular or fibriated edge on RBC
Plasmodium ovale
56
resembles rosette or daisy band shape trophozoites multiple meroizoites
Plasmodium malariae
57
applique forms multiple ring forms(such as split-ring) cresent shaped Mauer's dots or granules
Plasmodium falciparum
58
Name the three species with no cyst stage
Entamoeba gingicalis Dientamoeba fragilis Trichomonas sp.