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Biochem > Exam III - Notes > Flashcards

Exam III - Notes Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Aspirin

A

Irreversible COX-1 and COX-2

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2
Q

NSAIDs

A

Reversible COX-1 and COX-2

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3
Q

Products Arachidonic Acid

A

Leukotrienes

Prostaglandins

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4
Q

COX-1

A

GI-tract

Platelet, Thromboxane A2

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5
Q

COX-2

A

Inflamed tissue, pain, swelling

Blood vessel, prostacyclin

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6
Q

Thromboxane A2

A

Vaso and broncho constrictor

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7
Q

PGI2

A

Vasodilator

Bronchodilator

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8
Q

PGE2

A

Vasodilator, bronchodilator, proinflammatory

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9
Q

PGF2

A

vasoconstrictor, broncho constrictor

asthma

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10
Q

Leukotrienes

A

bronchoconstrictors

edema, asthma, inflammation

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11
Q

PGI2 drug

A

Epoprostenol

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12
Q

PGE1 drug

A

Misoprostol, Alprostadil

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13
Q

PGE2

A

Dinoprostone

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14
Q

PGF2alpha

A

Latanoprost

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15
Q

Glycoconjugates

A

proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, glycolipids

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16
Q

Functions Glycoconjugates

A

cell-to-cell adhesion, cell signaling, bacteria receptors, gene regulation, immune response, protein sorting

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17
Q

Sugars in Glycans

A

hexose, hexosamines, uronic acid, deoxyhexose, sialic acid

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18
Q

Glycoprotein

A

mostly protein
short chain
branched

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19
Q

Proteoglycan

A

mostly carbohydrate - sugar
long chain
linear

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20
Q

GAGs

A 
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Hyaluronic Acid
Dermatan sulfate
Heparin
Heparan sulfate
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21
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

cartilage, tendon, bone

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22
Q

Heparan sulfate

A

basement membrane

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23
Q

Keratin sulfate

A

cartilage, cornea, bone

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24
Q

heparin

A

mast cells

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25
Hyaluronic Acid
non-sulfated GAG | joint, ocular, cartilage
26
O-linked glycosylation
GalNAcaplha1-Ser/Thr post-translational Golgi
27
N-linked glycosylation
Glc NAc B1 - Asn co-translational ER
28
Mucin
O-glycosylated, bottle brush | serine, threonine, proline
29
Aggrecan
core protein + GAG
30
N-glycosylation
cytoplasm --> RER --> Golgi
31
Glycosyl Phosphatidyl Inositol
Cancer marker
32
Blood group antigens
Type A - A antigen Type B - B antigen Type AB - A and B antigen Type O - no antigens
33
Bacitracin
Neosporin anitbiotic
34
Vancomycin
inhibit GAG | Staph last line defense
35
Non-polar Lipids
TAGs
36
Polar Lipids
membrans | phospholipids, sphingolipids
37
Phospholipid types
Phosphatidylserine, PS Phosphatidylethanolamine, PE Phosphatidylcholine, PC
38
Polar group formation
N base + DAG --> PC or PE
39
Secondary polar formation pathway
choline
40
Cardiolipid
2 phosphatidic acid linked thru glycerol
41
PAF - platelet aggregating factor
inflammatory
42
PI - phosphoinositides
PIP2 --> Gq signaling
43
Plasmalogens
myelin - ethanol | heart - choline
44
Degradation Phospholipids
phospholipase | breaks down B-amyloid
45
Sphingolipid
myelin - 18% protein | 76% - lipid
46
Ceramide products
sphingomyelin globosides gangliosides glucocerebroside
47
Glycosphingolipids
highest in nerve cells
48
Cerebroside
ceramide + glu/galactose
49
Sulfatides
ceramide + 1 sulfated sugar
50
Globosides
Ceramide + 3 sugars N-sugar
51
Gangliosides
ceramide + 3 NANA sugars
52
Tay-Sachs
Deficiency: hexoaminidase A Storage: ganglioside
53
Fabry's
Deficiency: a-Galactosidase Storage: Trihexosylceramide
54
Gaucher's
Deficiency: Glucocerebrosidase Storage: Glucocerebroside
55
Niemann Pick
Deficiency: sphingomyelinase Storage: sphingomyelin
56
Cholesterol - Rate limiting step
HMG CoA Reductase
57
Cholesterol properties
hydrophobic membrane component precursor bile acid, salt, steroids, Vit D
58
Cholesterol intake
3 oz meat | < 200 mg day
59
Cholesterol Synthesis
3 acetyl CoA --> HMG CoA --> HMG CoA Reductase --> mevalonic acid --> cholesterol
60
ATP for cholesterol
glucose, FA, proteins
61
NADPH for cholesterol
HMPS, glucose 6P DH, malic enzyme
62
Synthesis cholesterol
liver, adrenal cortex, intestine, ER | NADPH and ATP
63
HMG CoA Synthase fate
cytosolic --> cholesterol | mitochondria --> ketone bodies
64
Cholesterol drugs
Statins, Lipitor, Vyterin, Zocur
65
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
mutation DHCR-7 | decrease [cholesterol]
66
Cholesterol transcription factor
SREBP
67
Cholesterol Regulation
1. SREBP transcription factor 2. Protein degradation - ubiquitin 3. Covalent modification - active under high [AMP] 4. Hormonal - increase by insulin, thyroxine; decrease by glucagon, glucocorticoids
68
DHCR-7 gene
last step of cholesterol synthesis
69
Bile
watery mix organic and inorganic compounds | lecthin, bile salt, bilirubin
70
Bile Salt
made in liver | aid in fat emulsification and CCK absorption
71
Bile acid --> salt
bile acid + glycine/taurine --> bile salt
72
Detergent
emulsify fat to make micelles | absorb and transport fat soluble vitamins
73
Bile salt
only significant way remove cholesterol from body
74
Bile acid structure
protonate COOH | cholic, chenodexycholic
75
Bile salt structure
deprotonated - ionized COO- Na+ deoxycholic, lithcholic
76
Primary Bile Acid
pKa 6
77
Conjugated Bile acid
very good emulsifyer | drop pKa --> increase ionization --> emulsification
78
Rate limiting step Bile Acid
7 alpha hydroxylase = CYP7A1
79
Cholelithiatus
Gallstones increases bilirubin drugs: ursodiol, lithotripsy
80
Bile Acid Sequestrates
prevents enterohepatic bile salt recirculation | decreases liver cholesterol by SREBP
81
I-Cells
secrete CCK
82
Pancreatic juice
degrades TAGs, cholesterol, phospholipids --> FFA, MAG, DAG, free cholesterol, fat-sol vitamins
83
Micelle
bile salt surface hydrophobic - inside hydrophilic - outside
84
Primary lipid absorption transporter
NPCIL1 | duodenum, jejunum
85
Ileum absorbs:
free fatty acids | MAG, lysophospholipids
86
Bile Acid reabsorption
Terminal ileum

Biochem (4 decks)

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