Exam III pt. 2

Question 1

What are some side effects noted with CNS stimulant drugs?

Answer 1

Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia. Paranoia with toxicity, decreased growth with LT usage

Question 2

What channels are regulated by GABA

Answer 2

Chloride channels

Question 3

Chloride channels also contain receptor channels for what other kids of drugs?

Answer 3

Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and other sedative-hypnotics

Question 4

What is a common effects of prolonged/excessive use of benzodiazepines?

Answer 4

Tolerance and dependence

Question 5

What are some noted side effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 5

SOMNOLENCE, sedation, confusion. Respiratory and CNS depression

Question 6

T/F

There is a low risk of tolerance and dependency associated with taking miscellaneous sedative-hypnotic drugs

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are some side effects associated with misc sedative-hypnotic drugs?

Answer 7

METALLIC TASTE, headache, dry mouth, respiratory and CNS depression

Question 8

What are some natural sedative/anti-anxiety herbs and supplements with strong evidence of efficacy?

Answer 8

Kava (anxiety),

Melatonin (sleep)

Question 9

What is the most widely used (self-perscribed) nonprescription sedative-hypnotic/anti-anxiety agen?

Answer 9

Alcohol

Question 10

What are the most commonly used antidepressant drugs?

Answer 10

SSRIs

Question 11

What is the most noteable side effect of SSRIs?

Answer 11

Serotonin syndrome

Question 12

T/F

Serotonin syndrome is a relatively benign reaction associated with symptoms that occur long after it takes effect

Answer 12

False

Potentially life threatening drug reaction. Symptoms occur within minutes to hours

Question 13

What are SSRIs strongly metabolized by in vivo?

Answer 13

CYP450 system

Question 14

What are the most important contraindicated supplements when taking SSRIs?

Answer 14

5-HTP, SAMe, St. John’s Wort

Question 15

What are some supplements (natural) that have high evidence of SSRI activity?

Answer 15

DHEA, saffron, SAMe, St. John’s Wort

Question 16

What is a common, noteable use of SNRIs?

Answer 16

Off label prescription

Question 17

What are some noted side effects of SNRIs?

Answer 17

Dry mouth, headache, insomnia, weight loss. Seizures

Question 18

What are some side effects noted with tricyclics (TCAs)?

Answer 18

SEDATION, DROWSINESS, BLURRED VISION, dry mouth, increased appetite, weight gain, postural hypotension

Question 19

TCAs are strongly metabolized by what system?

Answer 19

CYP450 system (CYP2C19)

Question 20

What are some noted side effects of MAOIs?

Answer 20

INSOMNIA, hyper/hypotension, dry mouth, N/V, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision

Question 21

What is an important dietary consideration to prevent interactions when taking MAOIs?

Answer 21

Must eat a low tyramine diet

Question 22

What are some behaviors associated with common usage of anticonvulsants?

Answer 22

Suicidal behavior or ideation

Question 23

What are some side effects noted with taking anticonvulsants?

Answer 23

Dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, N/V, diplopia, headache

Question 24

What releases NE and, EP?

Answer 24

Adrenergic nerves: norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla: Epinepthrine

Question 25

What are some noteable side effects of alpha-adrenergic drugs (sympathomimetics)?

Answer 25

Nervousness, insomnia, restlessness

Question 26

What dietary consideration should be heeded to avoid interactions when taking alpha and beta-adrenergic drugs?

Answer 26

Limit caffeine

Question 27

What are some side effects of beta-adrenergic drugs (sympathomimetics)?

Answer 27

TREMOR, NERVOUSNESS, palpitations, tachycardia, headache, dizziness.

Question 28

What are some noted side effects of alpha-adrenergic BLOCKING drugs?

Answer 28

DROWSINESS, priapism (longevity boner)

Question 29

What are some side-effects noted with beta-adrenergic BLOCKING drugs?

Answer 29

Hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness, confusion

Question 30

What are centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants typically used for?

Answer 30

Muscle spasms

Question 31

What are peripheral skeletal muscle relaxants typically used for?

Answer 31

Primarily used before and during surgical procedures

Question 32

What are some adverse reactions noted with the use of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants?

Answer 32

Coma, seizure, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity

Question 33

What are some common side effects of antihistamines?

Answer 33

DROWSINESS, SEDATION, dizziness, ataxia, GI distress, constipation

Question 34

What are some natural antihistamines that have strong evidence of efficacy?

Answer 34

Bromelain, butterbur, probiotics, whey protein

Question 35

What are some noted side effects of bronchodilators: Beta-2 agonists?

Answer 35

TREMOR, NERVOUSNESS, palpitations, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, anaphylaxis

Question 36

What dietary consideration should be heeded when taking bronchodilator Bet-2 agonists?

Answer 36

Limit caffeine

Question 37

What are some noteable side effects of taking Methylxanthines (bronchodilator)?

Answer 37

Nervousness, insomnia, anorexia. Convulsions/seizures (can be fatal)

Question 38

What is the MOST toxic of the methylxanthines?

Answer 38

Theophylline

Question 39

What can Theophylline toxicity be treated with?

Answer 39

Beta-blockers

Question 40

What are some natural agents that have strong evidence of bronchodilator effects

Answer 40

Boswellia, caffeine, choline, coleus, ephedra, magnesium, Pycnogenol