Exam III Session 14

Question 1

What kingdoms contain human parasites?

Answer 1

protozoa, fungi, anamlia, chromista

Question 2

How do protozoa survive harsh environmental conditions?

Answer 2

by forming cysts

Question 3

What are trophozoites?

Answer 3

the active feeding form of protozoa

Question 4

How do parasites evade the immune system?

Answer 4

antigenic shift
host mimicry
masking - acquiring host molecules as a disguise
intracellular location

Question 5

How do helminthes evade the immune system?

Answer 5

antigenic shift
host mimicry
masking - acquiring host molecules as a disguise
proteinases that break down defenses like antibodies

Question 6

Are protozoan and helminthes parasites exogenous or endogenous?

Answer 6

Exogenous, not apart of normal flora

Question 7

What disease is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis? Treatment?

Answer 7

STD that survives in the oral cavity

treat with metronidazole

Question 8

What disease is caused by Toxoplasma gondii? What is a common source?

Answer 8

toxoplasmosis - flu-like symptoms, if immunosuppressed can cause encephalitis
pregnant women risk abortion, stillbirth, or neurological problems in the baby
common source in the cat litter box

Question 9

What disease is caused Giardia lamblia? What is a common source?

Answer 9

beaver fever, diarrhea

mountain streams is a common source

Question 10

What disease is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 10

amoeba that infects large intestine causing diarrhea
can exist in oral cavity
can spread to liver, lung, or brain if immunosuppressed

Question 11

What disease is caused by Plasmodium? What is the vector?

Answer 11

malaria

mosquito

Question 12

What disease is caused by Blantidium coli? What is the reservoir?

Answer 12

bloody diarrhea

pig

Question 13

What disease is caused by Blantidium coli? What is the reservoir?

Answer 13

bloody diarrhea

pig

Question 14

What disease is caused by trypansoma?

Answer 14

sleeping sickness

Question 15

What disease is caused by Leishmania?

Answer 15

visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 16

What lab test indicates a multicellular parasite infection?

Answer 16

elevated eosinophil count

Question 17

How are helminthes classified? What are the classifications?

Answer 17

by shape
crestodes - tape worms, long, flat, segmented
trematodes - flukes, flat and nonsegmented
nematodes - round worms, large, non-segmented

Question 18

What is the classification of Taenia? Identifying features?

Answer 18

crestode
hooks and suckers
body is a series of proglottoids (egg cases)

Question 19

Which animal is required for the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle?

Answer 19

snail

Question 20

How do Schistomsomes evade the host immune system and establish long term infection?

Answer 20

worm is covered in self so the immune system doesn’t see it

Question 21

What disease does Ascaris cause? What is it’s classification?

Answer 21

round worm
intestinal distress
symptoms depend on stage of infection- asthma/pneumonia, GI perforation or obstruction, liver or gallbladder damage

Question 22

How is an Ascaris infection diagnosed?

Answer 22

eggs in fecal smear or symptoms of trouble or the worm passes

Question 23

How is an Ascaris infection treated?

Answer 23

albendazole

Question 24

What disease is caused by Necator americanus? What is its classification?

Answer 24

hookworm
larvae penetrates skin and enters circulation
ends up in lungs and is coughed up, then swallowed
adults develop in intestines

Question 25

How is a Necator americanus infection diagnosed?

Answer 25

eggs in samples

Question 26

How is a Necator americanus infection treated?

Answer 26

albedazole

Question 27

What disease is caused by Trichuris? What is it's classification? Treatment?

Answer 27

``` whipworms eggs hatch in small intestine female lays eggs that pass in feces severe infection causes abdominal pain and distention, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss treat with abdenazole ```

Question 28

What disease is caused by Enterobius vermicularis? What is it's classification? How is it diagnosed? Treatment?

Answer 28

``` pinworms fecal oral spread or egg ingested from hand, clothes, etc. larvae enter small and large intestine female exits anus to lay eggs nightly treat with abdenazole high cure rate but reinfection common ```

Question 29

What disease is caused by Trichinella spiralis? What is a common source? Diagnosis? Treatment?

Answer 29

lives in intestinal mucosa larvae in striated muscle, dies, and is calcified minimal or no symptoms may have neurological symptoms diagnosis when there is an outbreak - eosinophilia and antibody titer up for years can treat symptoms and adult worms with mebendazole undercooked pork/game meat

Question 30

What is the role of arthropods in infectious disease?

Answer 30

many are vectors or intermediate hosts

Question 31

What are some arthropods that are true parasites?

Answer 31

lice, scabies, mites, and maggots

Question 32

What disease is caused by S. scabiei?

Answer 32

aka mites scabies, mange, or the itch burrow under epidermis and cause intense itching