Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Virology > Exam IV: How to be a Virologist > Flashcards

Exam IV: How to be a Virologist Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the structure of HCMV? Enveloped? Diameter? Shape?

A

Enveloped
150-200 nm in diameter
Iscoaherdral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the genome of HCMV? how long is it?

A

linear dsDNA

200kb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What family does HCMV belong to?

A

Herpesvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mode of transmission of HCMV?

A

Direct contact with bodily fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the R0 of HCMV?

A

1.7 (1 person will infect ~2 others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the host of HCMV?

A

Humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the tropism of HCMV? (4)

A
  1. Epithelial cells
  2. Endothelial cells
  3. Fibroblasts
  4. Leukocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of penetration of HCMV?

A

glycoprotein H (gH), gL, gO from a trimer compelx on the envelope and bind to gH/gL receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the life cycle of HCMV?

A

Entry > nuclear por > vDNA release into nucleus > trancription and translation > DNA replication via rolling cirlce mechanism > linear concatemer > cleaved into single copies > assembly in nucleus > buds otu of golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 unique features of HCMV?

A
  1. UL42 protein inhibits cGAS/STING pathway (delays recognition)
  2. HCMV goes latent in myeloid cells by incorporating into host genome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What disease does HCVM cause (2)? Symptoms?

A

Mild illness: fever, sore throat, fatigue, swollen glands

Can cause mononucleosis and hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common patient outcome with HCVM?

A

HCVM will go latent with occasional reactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__% of the population is infected with HCVM in developed countries. About __% in undeveloped countries.

A

60% developed

90% undeveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the epidemiology (geographic distribution) of HCMV?

A

Rocky mountians, midwest, northern-most northeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the seroprevalence of HCMV?

A

60% of US population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the likelihood of reinfection of HCMV?

A

Reinfection rate ~10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for HCMV?

A

Not generally needed

If you are immunocompromised: antivirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are preventative measures against HCMV?

A

Avoid contact with another person’s bodily fluids (don’t share drinks, wear a condom, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does HCMV do latent?

A

Goes latent in Myeloid (monocyte) progenitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is the tissue HCMV goes latent in different from the tissue it infects?

21
Q

Are enzymes brought in with the capsid of HCMV?

Study These Flashcards
A

Yes (pp65m, pUL47, pp150, pp28, pp71)

Direct things toward nuclear complexes

22
Q

What are the diagnostic tools for HCMV?

Study These Flashcards
A

Detect antibodies using ELISA assay

If less than 1 year old: PCR of saliva with urine sample for confirmation

23
Q

What are the public health concerns for HCMV?

Study These Flashcards
A

1/200 people is born with congenital HCMV

Long term health problems include hearing loss, developmental/motor delay, vision loss, microcephaly, seizures

24
Q

What are medically related complications to HCMV?

Study These Flashcards
A

Retinitis (inflammation of the retina), colitis, esophagitis, hepatitis, encephalitis, pneumonia

25
How might HCMV become a problem in the health care setting? (3)
Congenital infection with 32% transmission rate Contributes to mortality in AIDS patients Most common opportunity in transplant patients
26
What is the genome of Chikungunya Virus made of? How long is it?
+RNA | 11.8 kb
27
What is the structure (morphology) of Chikungunya virus? Enveloped? How many protiens does it code for?
Small (70 nm) Enveloped 9 protiens
28
What family is Chikungunya a part of?
Togaviridae Family
29
What is the mode of transmission for Chikungunya?
Arbovirus | Aedes aegypti mosquitos
30
What is the R0 of Chikungunya?
3.4
31
What are the hosts of Chikungunya?
Humans | Mosquitoes
32
What symptoms does Chikungunya infection have?
Fever and joint pain | also headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, rash
33
What is the incubation period for Chikungunya virus?
3-7 days
34
What are the patient outcomes of Chikungunya infection?
Severe and debilitating joint pain | Most symptoms subside after 1 week
35
Are enzymes brought in with the capsid in Chikungunya?
No, but the capsid protein itself is autoproteolytic
36
What are the diagnostic tools for Chikungunya infection?
Antibody test Antigen test for viral RNA Symptoms are indistinguishable from dengue and zika virus
37
What are the public health concerns of Chikungunya?
With climate change, the range of its vectors (monsquitoes) is increasing
38
Does Chikungunya undergo latency?
No
39
Tell me about the lytic infection of Chikungunya
Lytic infection set in for 2-4 days Replicates in fibroblasts travels through the blood to liver, muscle, joints, lymphoid tissue, brain
40
What is the most distinct symptom of Chikungunya?
Arthralgia
41
Is Chikungunya a persistnat infection?
Yes, it can be found after 44 days in splenic macrophages and enothelial cells
42
What are 4 important proteins for Chikungunya life cycle?
1. nsP1 2. nsP2 3. nsP3 4. nsP4
43
What is the lifecycle of Chikungunya?
Four nsPs come together with viral RNA and host protiens > form replication compartments at the cell membrane (spherules) > genome is replicated > spherules are internalized > leave vacuoles to form mature virus > virus buds out and egresses
44
What are the medically related complication of Chikungunya?
Long-term complications: joint pian, muscle pain, joint stiffness, joint swelling Rare complication: eye inflammation, myocarditis, myelisis, cranial nerve palsies
45
How might Chikungunya become a problem in a health care setting?
The acute symptoms are debilitating and extremely painful Long term chronic pain management Contribute to a decrease in the quality of life
46
What is the treatment for Chikungunya?
Supportive care
47
Prevention of Chikungunya?
Avoid getting bit by mosquitos | No vaccine
48
Likelihood of reinfection
Immunity should last for life
49
What regions of the world has the highest prevelance of Chikungunya?
Southeast Asia | Seroprevalacnce of 22%

Virology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions