EXAM MCQ_Thorax_Upper_Limb_Anatomy_Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the three parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process.
What are the key features of the manubrium?
Articulates with rib 1, forms the sternal angle at rib 2, contains the jugular notch.
Which ribs connect to the sternum?
True ribs (1–7) via sternochondral joints.
How are ribs structured?
Contain a subcostal groove, shaft, and angle; have posterior and anterior surfaces.
How are ribs classified?
True ribs (1–7), False ribs (8–10), Floating ribs (11–12).
What are the main features of thoracic vertebrae?
Vertebral body, vertebral arch with laminae and spinous processes, T1–T12 increase in size caudally.
What is the structure and function of the diaphragm?
Dome-shaped, attaches to sternum/lumbar vertebrae/costal margin, primary muscle of respiration.
What are the functions of intercostal muscles?
External: Elevate ribs; Internal: Depress ribs; Innermost: Stabilize ribs.
How is the right lung structured?
Three lobes (Superior, Middle, Inferior); oblique and horizontal fissures; adjacent to heart, azygos vein, SVC, esophagus.
How is the left lung structured?
Two lobes (Superior, Inferior); oblique fissure; adjacent to heart, aortic arch, thoracic aorta.
What structures are found in the mediastinum?
Superior vena cava, esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, heart (pericardial sac).
What are the features and articulations of the clavicle?
Medial: Sternum; Lateral: Acromion of scapula.
What are the features of the scapula?
Spine, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity.
What are the proximal and distal features of the humerus?
Proximal: Head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, tuberosities; Distal: Trochlea, capitulum, epicondyles.
What are the key features of the radius and ulna?
Radius: Lateral bone; Ulna: Medial bone with olecranon proximally.
What are the bones of the hand?
Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
What is the function of the deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the arm.
Name the four rotator cuff muscles and their functions.
Supraspinatus: Abduction; Infraspinatus: External rotation; Teres minor: External rotation; Subscapularis: Internal rotation.
What are the functions of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii?
Biceps: Supination, flexion; Triceps: Extension.
What are the compartments of the forearm muscles?
Flexors (Anterior): Flex wrist/fingers; Extensors (Posterior): Extend wrist/fingers.
What is the function of the thenar and hypothenar muscles?
Thenar: Thumb movements; Hypothenar: Little finger movements.
What are the major branches of the brachial plexus and their functions?
Axillary: Deltoid/teres minor; Radial: Posterior arm/forearm; Ulnar: Intrinsic hand; Median: Forearm flexors/thenar.
What are the effects of median and ulnar nerve injuries?
Median: Thumb opposition loss; Ulnar: Claw hand.
Trace the arterial supply of the upper limb.
Subclavian → Axillary → Brachial → Radial/Ulnar.
