Exam mistakes

Question 1

A role of cortisol during prolonged stress is to

Answer 1

Suppress the immune system

Question 2

Literature review

Answer 2

Use secondary data to answer a question or provides research for comparison before conducting primary data investigations

Question 3

Controlled experiment

Answer 3

An investigation where a causal relationship between two variables is tested in a controlled environment (involves manipulation of variable)

Question 4

Correlational study

Answer 4

A study in which researchers observe and measure the relationship between two or more variables without any active control or manipulation of them

Question 5

Modelling/stimulations

Answer 5

small/large scale presentation of an object to enable replication, explanation or investigation

Question 6

Product, process or system development

Answer 6

Design and development of something to meet a human need, which may involve technological application (neurons to power artificial limbs)

Question 7

Classification and identification

Answer 7

means to organize things by putting them into or constructing sets (finding new neurons e.g.)

Question 8

Case study

Answer 8

An in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or particular phenomenon that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes the complexities that would be encountered in the real world

Question 9

Fieldwork (observational)

Answer 9

any research involving observation and interaction with people and environments in real-world settings, conducted beyond the laboratory

Question 10

Difference between extraneous and controlled variable

Answer 10

Extraneous variable (EV) may have an unwanted effect on the DV, whereas controlled variable is an EV that has been held constant

Question 11

Neuromodulator

Answer 11

Chemical molecules that have an effect on multiple postsynaptic
neurons, released into multiple neural synapses, have widespread modulatory effects as they can influence large areas of brain tissue,
produces relatively long-lasting effects, as they modulate neural activity more slowly than neurotransmitters

Question 12

Gut-brain axis

Answer 12

The bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain through the enteric and central nervous systems.

Question 13

Gut microbiome

Answer 13

all of the genes of the microorganisms that live in the gut

Question 13

Gut microbiota

Answer 13

all of the microorganisms that live in the gut

Question 14

Enteric nervous system

Answer 14

Refers to the network of nerves in the gut and is a subdivision
of the autonomic nervous system

Question 15

Difference between written and oral cultures

Answer 15

written cultures can spread information more widely than oral cultures can

Question 16

Written traditions

Answer 16

practices in which knowledge, stories, and customs are preserved and shared through writing and reading

Question 17

Decay

Answer 17

When information is not renewed (not being used- through repetition)

Question 18

Multimodal

Answer 18

using a variety of methods (8 ways of learning)

Question 18

Displacement

Answer 18

Short-term memory where the capacity to retain info is restricted up to seven items at a 7

Question 19

Mixed design

Answer 19

refers to an experimental design which combines elements of within-subjects and between-subjects designs.

Question 20

Systems of knowledge

Answer 20

Understandings of how social, physical, and spiritual aspects are connected, and how they form knowledge and skills to promote survival and contribute to a strong sense of identity (sharing expertise)

Question 21

7 domains of SEWB

Answer 21

Body, mind and emotions, Family and kinship, Community, Culture, Country, Spirituality and ancestors

Question 22

Body (domain)

Answer 22

• Connecting to physical body and health in order to participate in all aspects of life
• Accessing good nutrition, managing illness, disability

Question 22

Community (domain)

Answer 22

* Connecting to wider social systems, allowing families to connect with and support one another * Accessing and being part of community services and support networks

Question 22

Mind and emotions (domain)

Answer 22

* Ability to effectively manage thoughts and emotions * Maintaining self-esteem, having confidence, sense of identity

Question 22

Family and kinship (domain)

Answer 22

* Connecting to immediate and wider family group * Spending time with family, caring for the ill

Question 23

Country (domain)

Answer 23

* Connecting to traditional lands of a particular language or cultural group, both geographically as well as spiritually, emotionally, and intellectually * Taking only what we need, belonging to land, maintaining connections to territories

Question 23

Culture (domain)

Answer 23

* Identity, values, traditions, connecting with past, present and future * Elders passing on traditions, speaking local languages, participating in rites and rituals

Question 24

Spirituality and ancestors (domain)

Answer 24

* Connecting to all things, shaping beliefs, values, and behaviours, guiding knowledge systems and culture * Knowing that one’s ancestors watch over them, offering guidance and answering questions when needed

Question 25

Mnemonics

Answer 25

are systems, techniques, or strategies implemented to consciously improve memory. They help you to encode, store and retrieve info by turning it into something more meaningful.

Question 26

How does episodic and semantic memory affect possibly imagined futures

Answer 26

Semantic is used to construct the picture, episodic is used for the scenario and to construct as well

Question 27

Ways of knowing

Answer 27

where learning is viewed as being embedded in relationships where the learner is part of a multimodal system of knowledge patterned on Country

Question 28

Method of loci

Answer 28

You first start with a series of well known locations, and 'attach' each word or concept to each location. Then you take a physical walk or mental walk to recall each of these items.

Question 29

Benzodiazepines assist with GABA dysfunction by

Answer 29

Making the receptor sites on the post-synpatic neuron become more responsive to GABA

Question 30

How do you increase capacity of short-term memory

Answer 30

Chunking: The grouping, or ‘packing’ of separate bits of information into a larger single unit, or ‘chunk of information’, e.g. mobile number has 10 numbers, to chunk it, it separates it into 0402, 945, 602

Question 31

Acute stress

Answer 31

a form of stress characterised by intense psychological and physiological symptoms that are brief in duration

Question 32

Chronic stress

Answer 32

is a form of stress that endures for several months or longer

Question 33

Effects of cortisol

Answer 33

Suppress immune system, increases arousal and resistance

Question 34

Basal ganglia

Answer 34

encodes and stores classically conditioned memories

Question 35

Cerebellum

Answer 35

encodes and stores implicit procedural memories

Question 36

Circadian rhythm

Answer 36

are biological and behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours (sleep-wake cycle)

Question 37

Ultradian rhythm

Answer 37

are biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle that lasts less than 24 hours. (sleep cycles of REM/NREM)

Question 38

Mindfulness meditation

Answer 38

Individual focuses on their present experience to promote feelings of calm and peace

Question 39

Pupils in SNS/PNS

Answer 39

Sympathetic: Dilate Parasympathetic: Constrict

Question 40

Bronchioles in SNS/PNS

Answer 40

Sympathetic: Relaxed Parasympathetic: Constricts

Question 41

Stimulation in SNS/PNS

Answer 41

Sympathetic: Stimulates glucose Parasympathetic: Stimulates bile production

Question 42

Sprouting

Answer 42

growth of dendritic spines (bushier dendrites), growth of filigree appendages (axon sprouts, synaptogenesis), formation of additional synapses

Question 43

Operant conditioning

Answer 43

Learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behaviour occuring is determined by the consequences of that behaviour

Question 44

Rerouting

Answer 44

the formation of new neural connections to establish alternative neural pathways

Question 45

Classical conditioning

Answer 45

Learning that occurs through the repeated association of two (or more) different stimuli (learner is passive)

Question 46

Sung narratives

Answer 46

Stories told through singing, music and sometimes dance

Question 47

Songlines

Answer 47

Sung narratives of the landscape that weave across Country and enable every significant place in Aboriginal Dreaming to be known

Question 48

Progression of memory loss due to Alzheimer's

Answer 48

1. Hippocampus is damaged first 2. Trouble forming episodic/semantic memories 3. Then trouble retrieving explicit memories (episodic) and constructing possibly imagined futures 4. neocortex is now damaged 5. Trouble retrieving semantic memory 6. implicit now affected elsewhere

Question 49

Three effects of shift work

Answer 49

Sleep fragmentation (sleep quality) Sleep quantity Sleep timing (shift sleep-wake cycle)

Question 50

Three common features of stress, anxiety and phobia

Answer 50

All have internal/external factors, all can be maladaptive, activate F-F-F response, can impair functioning and contribute to mental disorder

Question 51

Action potential

Answer 51

The neural message, in the form of an electrical impulse, sent down the axon of a neuron when certain conditions met

Question 52

Counterbalancing

Answer 52

A method to reduce order effects that involves ordering experimental conditions in a certain way

Question 53

2 key aspects of Spinal reflex

Answer 53

Adaptive response Evolutionary response