EXAM ONE Flashcards
(40 cards)
Define Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS
What are the Key Receptors in the brain affected by Glutamate?
- AMPAR
- NMDAR
- Ion Na+
- Ion Ca2+
What are the 2 Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitters?
- GABA
- Glycine
Where is GABA Released?
Through the CNS
Where is Glycine Released?
In the brainstem and spinal cord
Binding of the GABAa Receptors causes what?
Influx of CL- which HYPERPOLARIZES neuron making it harder to be depolarized by glutamate = inhibitory
What is the MOA of Barbiturates?
GABA Agonists
What is the AE of Barbiturates?
High incidence of medullary depression
What is the MOA of Diazepam/Vallium?
Benzodiazepine, GABAa agonist
The onset of Diazepam is QUICK, and therefore the 3 uses of this medication are what?
- Anxiety before procedure
- Epilepsy
- Skeletal muscle relaxation
What are the AEs of Diazepam?
- HIGH TI = overdose
- Paradoxical Excitation
- Anterograde Amnesia
- Next day sedation
Key Pearl about Benzo: Lorazepam
Profound anterograde amnesia
Key Pearl about Benzo: Flurazepam/Estazolam?
- Intermediate long acting
- Used mostly for hypnosis
Key Pearl about Benzo: Midazolam, Remimazolam
Fast recovery from sedative effects
Key Pearl about Benzo: Temazepam
- Short Acting, used for hypnosis ONLY
- Cheap
Key Pearl about Benzo: Alprazolam
- Fast onset and short acting
- Used for short anxiety/panic disorder
MOA of Zolpidem
- GABAa agonist
- Quick acting and short duration of action
What is Tartrate Salt Intermezzo approved for?
Approved for middle of the nigh insomnia
What two drugs have a less chance of rebound insomnia than benzos?
- Zolpidem
- Zaleplon
What is the MOA Eszopiclone?
GABAa agonist
What can reverse Eszopiclone?
Flumazenil
What is the use of Eszopiclone?
Chronic Insmonia
Flumanezil MOA
- Benzodiazepine antagonist
- Binds to benzo site on GABAa receptor
When should Flumanezil be used?
- Benzo and Z Overdose
- Works in minutes to decrease drowsiness and medullary depression if benzo related
